X Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2018

Electric power is a branch of the power industry, which includes the production, transmission and sale of electricity. Electric power is the most important branch of the power industry, which is explained by such advantages of electricity over the energy of other species as the relative ease of transmission over long distances. The Federal Law "On Electric Power Industry" gives the following definition of electric power industry:

Electric power is a branch of the economy of the Russian Federation, which includes a set of economic relations arising in the process of production (including production in the mode of combined generation of electric and heat energy), transmission of electric power, operational dispatching in the electric power industry, sale and consumption of electric energy with use of production and other property objects (including those belonging to the Unified Energy System of Russia) owned by the right of ownership or other basis provided by federal laws to electric power industry entities or other persons. Electric power industry is the basis of the functioning of the economy and life support.

Avenarius Mikhail Petrovich (1835-1895)

He worked in the field of thermoelectricity (Avenarius law); published in 1880 a method of crushing electric light by means of polarization batteries consisting of several series-connected voltammeters; Professor of the Kiev University, a member of the correspondent of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Aleksandrov Ivan Gavrilovich (1875-1936).

He supervised the exploration and design of irrigation of lands in Central Asia, since 1920 he began work on the problem of using the Dnieper and proposed to implement a single-slope version to cover all the Dnieper rapids at once and create a powerful hydroelectric power station, a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences

Amper Andre Marie (1775-1836)

The French mathematician and physicist, the founder of electrodynamics, established the hypothesis of molecular magnets, his name is a unit of current strength.

Aparov Boris Petrovich (1899-1950)

Specialist in the field of electric machine building and aviation and automotive electrical equipment, author of the book on asynchronous electric machines, professor of MEI im. Molotov.

Atabekov Georgiy Iosifovich (May 20, 1908 - June 16, 1966)

A well-known expert in the field of electrical engineering and relay protection in particular. He is the author of many fundamental works in the form of monographs, scientific articles and dozens of inventions in the field of electrical engineering and relay protection. More in detail - in the article published in the journal Relay Protection and Automation.

D'Arsonal Jacques Arsen (1851-1923)

A French physicist and physiologist, built a galvanometer with a fixed magnet and a moving coil, conducted research on the application of high frequency currents for medical purposes, a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences

Bell Alexander Graham (1847-1922)

The teacher at the deaf-mute school, on March 7, 1876, received a patent for an electric telephone. Alexander Bell for a long time was considered the inventor of the phone, which brought him worldwide fame. On June 11, 2002, the US Congress in resolution No. 269 recognized that the primacy in this invention still belongs to the Italian Antonio Meucci, who applied for the corresponding patent in 1871, and also that Bell could potentially have access to the materials Meucci

Benardos Nikolai Nikolaevich (1842-1905)

The inventor of electric welding and soldering of metals, electric arc, the inventor of the electrolytic coating method with copper hulls of iron ships, the designer of the combined gas-electric soldering iron, first applied an electric arc for cutting metals under water, the author of the project of using the Ivanovo rapids of the river. Neva, an honorary electrical engineer.

Bolotov Andrei Timofeevich. (1738-1833)

He studied the physiological and biological effects of electricity on organisms, the pioneer of applying electricity in agricultural technology.

Bonch-Bruevich Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1888 - 1940)

The organizer of the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory, the inventor of powerful electron tubes aimed at short-wave antennas, the head of the work on the study of ionized layers of the stratosphere, the builder and designer of the first powerful radio stations, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Ulyanov (Lenin).

Borexov Mikhail Matveyevich (1829-1898)

The military electrical engineer, the head of the Electrical Engineering Department of the engineering department, an expert in the electromineral affairs, was in charge of the mined part of the Balkan Army during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the author of several books on the mine business.

James Prescott Joel (1818-1899)

The English physicist, determined the mechanical equivalent of heat, and simultaneously with E. X. Lenz established the law of the thermal action of the current-the Lenz-Joule law. (December 24, 1818, Salford, Lancashire, England, Great Britain - Oct. 11, 1889, Sale, Cheshire, England, Great Britain) is an English physicist who made a significant contribution to the development of thermodynamics. He justified the law of conservation of energy. He established a law that determines the thermal action of an electric current. Calculated the speed of motion of gas molecules and determined its dependence on temperature. Experimentally and theoretically studied the nature of heat and found its connection with mechanical work, as a result, almost simultaneously with Mayer came to the concept of universal conservation of energy, which, in turn, ensured the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics. He worked with Thomson over the absolute temperature scale, described the phenomenon of magnetostriction, discovered the connection between the current flowing through a conductor with a certain resistance and the amount of heat released at that time (Joule-Lenz law). He made a significant contribution to the technique of physical experiment, perfected the designs of many measuring instruments. In honor of Joule called the unit of energy - joule.

Voronov Aleksandr Aleksandrivich

In 1881 he graduated from St. Petersburg. commercial college, in 1886 - the mechanical department of the St. Petersburg Practical Technological Institute with the title of engineer-technologist. Since 1886, he was a mechanic at the Vargunin brothers' letter-making factory and an electrician in the St. Petersburg Gas Lighting Society. Member of the Committee on Technical Affairs at the Department of Trade and Manufactures. Since 1888 he taught drawing and designing at the Technological Institute. In the years 1892-1893. began to read a course of lectures "Dynamo cars, electric motors and their application" Organized in ETI electromechanical laboratory, then reorganized into the department of electrical machines. In the 1920s, he supervised the specialization in electrical engineering in the LTI, read a special course in electrical engineering, the theory of electricity and magnetism, supervised the degree project and was in charge of an electrical laboratory.

In 1930, in connection with the reorganization of higher education, AA Voronov moved to the Polytechnic Institute. In 1917 he was appointed a trustee of the Petrograd educational district. In 1918 he was appointed a member of the Central Electrotechnical Council. Since 1924, Mr ..member of the Committee on Inventors. Member of the Russian Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission.

Aleksandro Volta

Volta first put the plates of zinc and copper in acid to obtain a continuous electric current, creating the world's first chemical source of current ("Volta Pillar"), 1800. Volta's name is the unit of electrical voltage measurement – Volt. Electric energy for a long time was only the object of experiments and had no practical application. The first attempts at the useful use of electricity were made in the second half of the 19th century, the main uses were the newly invented telegraph, electroplating, military equipment (for example, attempts to create ships and self-propelled machines with electric motors, mines with an electric fuse were developed). The sources of electricity were initially galvanic cells. A significant breakthrough in the mass distribution of electricity was the invention of electric power sources - electric power generators.

Compared with the galvanic cells, the generators had more power and more useful life, were much cheaper and allowed to arbitrarily set the parameters of the current produced. It was with the advent of generators that the first electric stations and networks began to appear (before that, the energy sources were directly in the places of its consumption) - the electric power industry became a separate industry. The first in the history of the transmission line (in the modern sense) was the line Laufen - Frankfurt, which earned in 1891.

The length of the line was 170 km, voltage 28.3 kV, transmitted power 220 kW [2]. At that time, electrical energy was used mainly for lighting in large cities. Electric companies were in serious competition with gas: electric lighting exceeded gas by a number of technical parameters, but was at that time much more expensive. With the improvement of electrical equipment and the increase in the efficiency of the generators, the cost of electrical energy was reduced, and in the end the electric lighting completely replaced the gas.

In passing, new fields of application of electrical energy appeared: electric lifts, pumps and electric motors were improved. An important stage was the invention of an electric tram: tram systems were major consumers of electrical energy and stimulated the build-up of power plants. In many cities, the first electric stations were built together with tram systems.

The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the so-called "war of currents" - confrontation between industrial producers of constant and alternating currents. Constant and alternating current had both advantages and disadvantages in use. The decisive factor was the possibility of transmission over long distances - the transmission of alternating current was realized easier and cheaper, which led to its victory in this "war": at present AC is used almost everywhere. Nevertheless, at present there are prospects for a wide use of direct current for long-distance high-power transmission (see High-voltage direct-current line).

Thus, the electric power industry in our time is an integral part of our existence.

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