IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Kovrov is a city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka). Kovrov's population as of the 2010 Census was 145,214, down from 155,499 recorded in the 2002 Census, and further down from 159,942 recorded in the 1989 Census). In terms of population, it is the second-largest city in Vladimir Oblast (after Vladimir). In 1977, Kovrov's population had been estimated at 140,000.

History

Overshadowed by the neighboring Starodub-on-the-Klyazma since the 12th century, Kovrov was eventually granted town status in 1778. On July 13, 1978, the city's 200th anniversary, Kovrov was decorated with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

In the XVI century the village Rozhdestvenskoye was given into the possession of the princes of Kovrov, kind of Starodubsky, who lived at 14 km from the Christmas in the settlement Starodub-Ryapolovsky (now Klyazminsky Gorodok). According to the encyclopedic dictionary Brockhaus and Efron, in the cemetery near the Church of St. John the Warrior could see the plate with the inscription, under it is the grave of Prince Vasily Andreyevich Kovrov (died in 1531), the first vicar of great Perm. In 1567 Kovrov was donated by Prince Ivan Semenovich Kovrov- Suzdal Spaso-Efimievski monastery and remained a fiefdom of the monastery until 1764. With the establishment in 1764 the monastery States Carpet has become an economic village.

Between 1630 and 1700 (the exact date is unknown) in the village of Kovrov at the expense of local peasants were built of stone Christ Cathedral.

New page Kovrov history began with the reign of Empress Catherine II, in the decree which 1 Sep 1778 in the part of Vladimir and Kostroma province was established by the Kovrov County, the village and the Kovrov became a district of the city. In 1796, the city abandoned by state, but in 1803 again restored. In 1817, in Kovrov, there were 177 houses, and 887 inhabitants, there were 2 churches.

The first regular train from Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow crashed at the station Kovrov - I. Almost two years after that eliminated all kinds of defects. 17 April 1867 Kovrov station crashed into the river two spans of the railway bridge through the Klyazma River and a water tower. To 1871, was erected the new bridge. In August of 1864 opened Kovrov railway workshops. In 1880 the Carpet has become the starting point of Murom railway (line Kovrov — Murom).

During the Great Patriotic War, militia units volunteered for 7885 townsmans. The town was formed 2 rifle regiments, 3 fighter battalion, separate anti-aircraft artillery battalion and the guerrilla group. In Kovrov was the 1st cavalry replacement brigade, which was commanded by major-General P. L. Radchuk.

In 1949 based Kovrov clothing factory (now — JSC "Sudar"), in 1968, established a trust "Kovrov - Stroy". Large-scale housing construction began in the southern district of the town.

November 3, 2011 President Dmitry Medvedev signed a Decree "On awarding the city of Kovrov honorary titles of the Russian Federation "City of military glory"". In November 2013 at the square in front of the Central entrance of OJSC "Plant named after V. A. Degtyarev" is set stele "City of military glory".

Science and education

Municipal system of General education Kovrov consists of 19 schools, with an enrollment of 12,500 students, and 46 kindergartens providing pre-school education 6200 children. In addition, there are 5 technical schools, secondary boarding school, social orphanage for children "Sparrow".

In 1996, Kovrov Institute of technology was reformed in Kovrov state technological Academy named after V. A. Degtyareva, five departments which train specialists in 15 specialties.

Culture

Kovrov historical and memorial Museum (former city Council building)

Cultural institutions include the Kovrov music school and 2 art schools, 2 children's culture house, 2 Palace of culture and 2 cultural houses, Kovrov historical and memorial Museum (main building and 2 branches), Centralized library system with 14 libraries (Carpets became the first city in the region, which began to open the profile library, for example, the family library, environmental, and for entrepreneurs — business library). In one of the libraries of the city Library family reading, since 1999 there is a Museum of birds. Components of a single cultural space of the city are also the Home of culture and leisure. V. A. Degtyarev, cultural and recreational complex instrument-making plant, the House of children's creativity. In the Palace of culture " Contemporary" held annually all-Russian tournament on sports dances "Stars".

Kovrov live and work 6 the members of the Union of artists of Russia. Since 1991 the city is the center of international festival of peace, friendship and creativity "Commonwealth".

From 10 to 17 July 2004 Carpet hosted the international youth Congress of Esperanto, which was attended by more than 400 boys and girls from 23 countries. The Congress was supported by local businessmen and the city administration, it was widely reported in the press.

Prospects for the development of culture in Kovrov:

• create the city Museum of weapons;

• phased implementation of the concept of reconstruction of the architectural appearance of the historic core of the city;

• the creation of the territory of the city of monument to the writer S. K. Nikitin;

• support folk arts and crafts "Kovrov clay toys";

• create in Kovrov dance school.

Industry and economics

Kovrov is a major defense and industrial center, key representatives:

• The Degtyarev plant (JSC "Zid") — infantry and missile weapons, motorcycles, mopeds, motocultivators, starter batteries, machine tools, tools, sewing machines.

• Kovrovskiy mekhanicheskiy Zavod — up to 2006: small arms and equipment for welding, soldering, cutting glass, solar panels, rockets, 2006: gas centrifuge equipment for nuclear power plants.

• Kovrov Electromechanical plant — the equipment of the hydraulic, defense robotics.

These enterprises create over 70 % of the total industrial production of the city, and in production they employ about 40 % of the working urban population.

Famous people

The author of the Kovrov arms is to Alexandrite wiki-text] A. Volkov (1736-1788). In Kovrov born portrait painter A. M. Kolesov, writer Sergey Nikitin, the hero of the Soviet Union Vladimir Burmatov (1921-1986), Paul Ranjeva (1918-1977), Award Fastivets ' (1937-1991), rock poet Alexander Nepomnyashchy (1968-2007), Konstantin Erastov. A native of the town of Kovrov was a Soviet poet George N. Obolduev.

In the village Osipov Kovrov district, Vladimir province, was born Timofei Fedorovich Osipovsky (1766-1832) mathematician, doctor of philosophy, rector of the Kharkiv University (1813-1820).

In Kovrov worked with such famous designers as V. A. Degtyarev, G. S. Shpagin, M. T. Kalashnikov, V. G. Fedorov.

Born in Kovrov is Jacunski, Igor Marianovich (1916-1983) is a participant in the creation of the first artificial Earth satellite (in a group of Acad. M. K. Tihonravova), the order bearer, the Winner of the Lenin prize (1957), recognized as the founder of space geodesy.

References:

1. Григорьев В., Зайцев А., Синицын Ю. Коврову — 200 лет. — Ярославль: Верх.-Волж. кн. изд-во, 1978.

2. Ковров / Сост. К. Г. Якушина. — Москва: Сов. Россия, 1978.

3. Город Ковров — век XX // Путешествие в Гороховец / Сост. В. П. Машковцев. — Владимир, 2003. — (Губерния в старой открытке).

4. Фролов Н. В., Фролова Э. В. История земли Ковровской. Ч. I. С древнейших времён до 1804 года. — Ковров: БЭСТ-В, 1997.

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