IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

В реферате рассматриваются возможные приветствия на английском языке, применимые к ним интонации и основные их отличия от приветствий в русском языке…

Ключевые слова: приветствия, разные формы приветствия, отличия приветствий английского языка от русского, интонация приветствий, ответы на приветствия.

The paper considers the issue of the different ways of greetings in English, intonation while using them and describes difference between Russian greetings.

Keywords: greetings, different forms of greetings, difference of English and Russian greetings, intonation of greetings, responses to greetings.

Greeting is an act of communication in which human beings intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attention to, and to suggest a type of relationship (usually cordial) or social status (formal or informal) between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other. Greetings sometimes are used just prior to a conversation or to greet in passing, such as on a sidewalk or trail. Greetings can be expressed both audibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. A greeting, or salutation, can also be expressed in written communications, such as letters and emails.

In some languages and cultures, the same word or gesture is used as both greeting and farewell. For example: "Good day" in English and «Добрый день» in Russian.

Now I would like to tell you about greeting in English and difference between English and Russian greetings.

Both Russian and English have various ways of greeting. They may depend on several things: the time of day, the circumstances and the relationship (or lack of one) between you and the person you are greeting.

There are two kinds of greetings:

• Formal

Informal

English-speaking people usually greet each other in an informal way, so you can use these common conversational greetings for friends, family, as well as people you meet in casual settings.

- Hey, Hey man.

You can use “hey” to greet someone instead of “hello”. Both are particularly popular among younger people. While “hi” is appropriate to use in any casual situation, “hey” is for people who have already met. If you say “hey” to a stranger, it might be confusing for that person because he or she will try to remember when you met before! Remember that “hey” does not always mean “hello”. “Hey” can also be used to call for someone’s attention.

Example:

Let’s say I’m hanging out at a bar and I run into my friend Joel.

Andrew: Hey man, how’s it going?

Joel: Hey, good man, what’s new?

*Remember this is very informal.

The informal way of saying “hello” in Russian is «привет» It’s similar to the English “hi,” and you should be on pretty familiar terms with a person before you use this greeting.

The easiest and most popular way to greet people “How are you?” is «Kак дела?» You use this phrase in rather informal settings, like at parties, meeting a friend on the street, or talking on the phone.

Example:

- Привет, Маша! Как твои дела?

- Привет, Катя! Рада тебя видеть! Со мной все хорошо.

It’s best to begin by using formal greetings in most business situations, and then listen to how your co-workers or business partners greet you. It’s a good idea to wait until someone speaks casually with you before you speak casually with them. You may find that people will begin to use casual greetings with you over time, as you get to know each other better. Formal greetings are also used when you meet older people.

- It’s nice to meet you or pleased to meet you

These greetings are formal and polite. If you say this to someone when you meet him or her for the first time, it will make you seem courteous. Remember to only use these greetings the first time you meet someone. Next time you see the person you can show that you remember him or her by saying “it’s nice to see you again”.

- It’s an honor to meet you.

This is usually used when you meet someone important. This is a very formal greeting and it expresses respect.

In Russian “Здравствуйте” is a formal greeting and you would use it when speaking to someone you don’t know very well, or someone whom you would usually address in “вы” in Russian. You can also use “здравствуйте” when addressing some people.

A more formal way to ask “How are you?” is «Как вы проживаете?» You use this phrase when speaking with your boss, your professor, or somebody you’ve just met.

You won’t offend anyone in a formal setting if you say «Как дела?» but you’re better off sticking to “Как Вы проживаете?»

A word of caution: In the English-speaking world, “How are you?” is just a standard phrase often used in place of a greeting. The person asking this formulaic question doesn’t expect to get the full account of how you’re actually doing. But in Russia it’s different. They want to know everything! When they ask you how you’re doing, they are in fact genuinely interested in how you’re doing and expect you to give them a more or less accurate account of the most recent events in your life.

During the different times of the day, you would use different greetings:

Доброе утро - Good morning

Добрый день - Good afternoon

Добрый вечер - Good evening

Доброй ночи - Good night

Note that Russians use these expressions only as greetings, not goodbyes. But in English you can use, for example, «Good night», instead of goodbye.

Intonation

While greeting in English politeness, friendliness and informality can be with a smile, a friendly voice and of course some intonation structures like the ones below. If you use a low fall with a low pre-nuclear part you will sound more formal, cool and reserved.

Good morning, Mrs. Hopkinson. Good 'after noon, Mrs. Robinson Good evening, Mr. Wilson. Mind that answers to the greetings pronounced with a rise and a higher pitch sound more polite and friendly

Good morning, Professor Watson. Good morning, Mrs. Hopkinson Remember that to sound more friendly and polite a final vocative is pronounced with a rising tone in a separate intonation group. Good morning / Professor, Watson.

Good morning / Mrs. Hopkinson. Mind that "hello" when used with a final vocative may be stress-shifted so that the accent falls on the first syllable: Hello, Mr. Brown. Hello, Miss Smith.

Remember that greetings pronounced with a low-rise sound more casual than with a fall-rise. The use of the rise-fall will make your greetings more cordial. 'G'd afternoon! 'G'd evening! Hello! Hi!

Источники летературы:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeting

2. https://blog.abaenglish.com/grammar-for-beginners-formal-and-informal-greetings/

3. http://www.dummies.com/languages/russian/saying-hello-and-goodbye-in-russian/

4. http://usefulenglish.ru/phonetics/rising-intonation

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