IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

The most basic, most important, and most precious resources of the Army are its soldiers. In carrying out the mission of defending the nation, people in the Army, soldiers, officers and generals must work closely as a well bonded team to execute complex tasks under difficult, dangerous conditions. Success in training and combat requires a common culture, including three critical components:

• A system of ranks reflecting a person’s responsibilities and experience

• An organizational structure in which people know their responsibilities

• Military courtesies, customs, and traditions that serve to bond military professionals together.

The Chief Master Sergeantof the Air Force (CMSAF) represents the highest enlisted level of leadership in the United States Air Force, and as such, provides direction for the enlisted corps and represents their interests, as appropriate, to the American public, and to those in all levels of government. He serves as the personal adviser to the Chief of Staff and the Secretary of the Air Force on all issues regarding the welfare, readiness, morale, and proper utilization and progress of the enlisted force.

All Chief Master Sergeants, including the CMSAF, may also be referred to by the term "Chief."

Chief Master Sergeant is the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force, just above Senior Master Sergeant, and is a non-commissioned officer. Chief Master Sergeants are addressed as "Chief." Attaining the rank of Chief Master Sergeant is the pinnacle of an enlisted Air Force member's career. Some Chiefs manage the efforts of all enlisted within their unit or major subsection thereof, while others run major staff functions at higher headquarters level. All Chiefs are expected to serve as mentors for junior and mid-grade commissioned officers as well as noncommissioned officers and to serve as advisors to commanders and senior officers. By Federal law, only one percent of the Air Force enlisted population may hold this rank.

First Sergeant is the title given to holders of certain ranks and positions within the United States Armed Forces. While the specifics of the title may differ between the United States Army, Marine Corps and Air Force, all First Sergeants are non-commissioned officers and can be identified by the presence of a diamond, called a "French lozenge," on their rank insignia.

Senior Master Sergeant is the eighth enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force, just above Master Sergeant and below Chief Master Sergeant, and is a non-commissioned officer. Promotion to Senior Master Sergeant is the most difficult enlisted promotion to attain in the Air Force. It is the first enlisted grade to which results of a central promotion board are the primary factor in selection for promotion. Usually, less than ten percent of eligible Master Sergeants are selected for promotion to Senior Master Sergeant in most years. Selectees typically have vast technical and leadership experience gained from a broad variety of assignments at both line and staff functions throughout their careers. Additionally, the successful candidate will typically have at a minimum completed an associate's or bachelor's degree in their Air Force specialty as well as the Senior Noncommissioned Officer Correspondence Course and have had their latest performance report endorsed by a senior rater, usually a Colonel or Brigadier General. Senior Master Sergeants typically assume superintendent duties, overseeing enlisted members' efforts to accomplish a major segment of a unit's mission, in preparation for promotion to the rank of Chief Master Sergeant. They are expected to serve as mentors for noncommissioned and junior commissioned officers. Senior Master Sergeants in the First Sergeant special duty serve as First Sergeants of larger units than those employing a Master Sergeant as a First Sergeant. By Federal law, only two percent of the Air Force's total active duty enlisted strength may hold this rank. Senior Master Sergeants may be referred to by the nickname of "Senior". This usage is an informal one, however, and would not be used in an official or formal setting. Use of this nickname by Airmen of subordinate rank is at the rank holder's discretion.

A Master Sergeant is the seventh enlisted rank in the United States Air Force, just above Technical Sergeant and below Senior Master Sergeant. It is abbreviated as "MSgt." Advancement to Master Sergeant is one of the most significant promotions within the enlisted Air Force. At the rank of Master Sergeant, the airman enters the senior noncommissioned tier and his or her duties begin to focus on leadership and management rather than technical performance. Per Air Force Instruction 36-2118, MSgts typically serve as flight chiefs (analogous to platoon sergeants in the US Army) and section chiefs (leaders of duty sections within a squadron). In the Marine Corps, Master Sergeants may be referred to by the nickname of "Top". All Master Sergeants are non-commissioned officers.

Technical Sergeant is the sixth enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force, just above Staff Sergeant and below Master Sergeant. A technical sergeant is a non-commissioned officer and abbreviated as TSgt. Within the enlisted Air Force, promotion to TSgt has historically been the second most difficult rank to achieve (only the rank of Senior Master Sergeant, capped by Federal law, has lower promotion rates) and is the most difficult promotion most career Air Force members achieve. To be considered for promotion a Staff Sergeant must have 6 years time in service and 2 years as a Staff Sergeant. Technical Sergeants provide technical mentorship to junior enlisted members in preparation for entry into the senior noncommissioned tier and promotion to the rank of Master Sergeant.

Technical Sergeant was also a rank in the United States Army until after World War II, when it was replaced by Sergeant First Class.

Staff Sergeant is a rank of non-commissioned officer used in several countries.

Senior Airman (SrA) is the fourth enlisted rank in the United States Air Force, just above Airman First Class and below Staff Sergeant. It has a US military pay grade of E-4.

The Air Force promotes an Airman to Senior Airman upon a commander's recommendation after 36 months time in service and 20 months time in the grade of Airman First Class (A1C), or 28 months time in A1C, whichever comes first. Outstanding Airmen First Class, limited to no more than 15 per cent of the total, may be promoted to Senior Airmen six months early, a competitive process called Below-the-Zone (BTZ) which normally involves going before a competitive board. Senior Airmen are expected to be technically proficient and begin to develop leadership skills, and may be expected to supervise a younger airman. Senior Airmen are expected to attend the Airman Leadership School, which is part of the Air Force's Professional Military Education, before being promoted to Staff Sergeant. Formerly, this grade had two separate titles: Sergeant, which was considered to be a non-commissioned officer rank, and Senior Airman, which was the equivalent of Specialist in the United States Army. Senior Airmen were promoted to Sergeant after 12 months' time in grade and completion of the now-defunct Noncommissioned Officer Preparatory Course.

Airman First Class (A1C) is the third enlisted rank in the United States Air Force, just above Airman and below Senior Airman. It is a member of the Airmen Tier of the Air Force Rank Structure, with the NCO and Senior NCO tiers being above it. Promotion to A1C occurs upon 10 months time in the grade of Airman, or earlier for Airmen with specific certain specialties, previous Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) experience, the Gen. Billy Mitchell Award in Civil Air Patrol, education levels or enlistment contract lengths. An A1C is considered to be fully adjusted to military life and his or her duties focus on honing job skills.

Airman is a term used to refer to any enlisted personnel in the United States Air Force or Other Ranks in the Royal Air Force (in which airwoman is also seen). It is also a specific United States Air Force rank and United States Navy rate. More informally, it can refer to any member of an air force or to any pilot, military or civilian. In the United States Air Force, Airman (Amn) is the second lowest enlisted rank, just above Airman Basic and below Airman First Class. An Airman Basic is typically promoted to Airman after six months. An Airman's duties include adjusting to military life and becoming proficient in their Air Force specialty.

In Federal Aviation Administration parlance, an airman is anyone in control of an aircraft.

Airman Basic (AB) is the lowest enlisted rank in the United States Air Force, just below Airman. It is categorized as E-1 on the U.S. military pay scale. An Airman Basic's duties revolve around adjusting to military life. They are promoted to Airman upon their commander's recommendation after six months' time in grade [2].

References

1. http://engood.ru [Электронный ресурс].

2. AviationExplorer.com - The Website For Aviation Enthusiasts [Электронный ресурс].

3. Мюллер В.К. Новый англо-русский словарь. М.: Рус. яз. Медиа; Дрофа. 2008.

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