IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Definition:- cerebro-vascular disease refers to a group of conditions that effects the supply of blood to the brain , causing limited or no blood flow to the effected areas. There are a number of ways in which cerebro-vascular disease can develop

The incidence of the cerebrovascular diseases among young adults is approximately 2-11/100.000. ethiological diagnosis is very heterogenous including cardioembolism as the most common cause reportedly 50 out of 100 amonst the age (18-45) are reportedly to have suffering from the cerebro-vascular diseases.

Risks of cerebrovascular diseases :-

1. I. High blood pressure

II. Atherosclerosis

1. III. disepidemia

2. IV. Atrial fibrillation

3. V. Poor diet

4. VI. Diabetes

5. VII. Lack of exercise

6. VIII. Stress

7. IX. Smoking

8. X. Over weight

Prevention of cerebro-vascular diseases

Cerebro-vascular diseases can be prevented by abiding by the following recommendation

• Regular physical exercise

• Stop smoking ,

• Eat heart healthy diet with a low fat content,

• Maintain healthy weight

• Control B.P(blood pressure)

• Lower blood cholesterol with diet and medications

• Treating diabetes

• Limiting alcohol intake to more than one to two drinks a day

Treartment options for cerebrovascular disease

In the case of an acute stroke a medication called tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)may be given . the medication breaks up the blood clot

Carotid endartectomy :- is a procedure where an incision is made into the carotid artery, and the plaque is removed allowing the blood to flow again . then the artery is repaired with sutures or a graft .

In the carotid artery angioplasty and stenting , a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into the artery ;then the ballon is inflated so that it presses against the plaque , sqaushing it flat and reopening the artery. A tiny , slender metal mesh tube is fitted inside the carotid artery to improve the blood flow in the arteries blocked plaque . the stent helps by preventing the artery from collapsing or closing up after the procedure is complete.

Medication

If your risk of getting cerebrovascular disease is thought is thought to be particularly high , medication may be prescribed to help reduce the risk .

For example , you may be prescribed :

Statins:- to help lower blood cholesterol levels.

Anticoagulants (blood-thinning medication)- such as warfarin to help prevent blood clots from heart diseases or arterial fibrillation

such as low-dose asprin or clopidogrel to prevent blood clots from the blood vessel diseases

Angiotensin-converging enzyme inhibitors or a calsium blocker – to treat high blood pressure.

Stress reducing the amount of stress in your life may help you control your blood pressure as well as keeping your blood sugar levels under control . both of these will help reduce risk factor of getting cerebrovacular disease

Smoking the toxins in the tobacco can damage and narrow the blood vessels that supply brain .smoking also causes high blood pressure prevention of smoking leads to normal blood pressure and less tensions . and helps prevent the cerebro vascular diseases.

Bibliography:

1. Shanthi Mendis; Pekka Puska; Bo Norrving; World Health Organization (2011). Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control (PDF). World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. pp. 3–18.

2. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71

3. McGill HC, McMahan CA, Gidding SS (March 2008). "Preventing heart disease in the 21st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study". Circulation. 117 (9): 1216–27. .

4. Spinks, A; Glasziou, PP; Del Mar, CB (5 November 2013). "Antibiotics for sore throat.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 11

5. Sutcliffe, P; Connock, M; Gurung, T; Freeman, K; Johnson, S; Ngianga-Bakwin, K; Grove, A; Gurung, B; Morrow, S; Stranges, S; Clarke, A (2013). "Aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review of the balance of evidence from reviews of randomized trials.". PLOS ONE. 8 (12): e81970.

6. Sutcliffe, P; Connock, M; Gurung, T; Freeman, K; Johnson, S; Kandala, NB; Grove, A; Gurung, B; Morrow, S; Clarke, A (September 2013). "Aspirin for prophylactic use in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review and overview of reviews.". Health technology assessment (Winchester, England). 17 (43

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