IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Russia is the country rich in woods. The villages and the cities used to be built along the coasts of the rivers surrounded by the woods. As a construction material wood didn`t cost much and was always available. It is possible to call the medieval times in Russia the Era of Wood. People lived in wooden houses, ate with wooden spoons from wooden plates. Children and adults slept on the wooden benches. Mills, weaving looms, sledge, and shovels were also wooden. The clothes and valuable things were stored in wooden chests. The reason of its popularity was that wood is easy to manufacture [1; 2]. Using only an axe, the masters created masterpieces. Wood is a beautiful natural material. Different species of wood have their own unique pattern and even smell.

Khokhloma is the name of a Russian wood painting handicraft, known for its lively flower patterns, red and gold colors over the black background, and the distinctive effect on the cheap and light wooden tableware or furniture.

The town of Semyonov used to be called the center of Old Belief. However, it has always been a center of Golden khokhloma. It is the world-famous wood painting school with its matryoshkas (Russian wooden nesting dolls) and wood-carving. Spoon and dish making crafts originated there refer to the 17^th century. Khohloma Museum is a very unique place which hosts 19^th century merchant interiors. Today khokhloma is one of the symbols of Russia, and apart from its usage in making tableware, furniture and souvenirs, it can be found in the wider context, for example in Russian paintings.

By the Orthodox custom, marriage was possible three times, and only in case of one of the spouses’ death (tsars used also such excuse as "voluntary" leaving to the monastery). The main mission of the queen was in giving the successor of a throne. Wives and daughters of the boyars and even the queen lived in seclusion. It wasn't allowed to be shown to them without the permission of the husband or the father to leave the house. Very few people could brag that saw a boyar`s wife or a queen face to face. The hair of the married woman had to be covered with a scarf; only not to married girls were allowed to have braids.

All Russian tsars were devout, and went to church several times a day. In palaces there were good libraries of the Russian tsars where they used to read a lot. The royal palaces were decorated with beautiful paintings [ 3;4]. The furniture of the palaces was diverse a little from furniture of a country log hut. The children in a family started working early. Since seven years old, children were good assistants. Traditionally Russians got married early; the bride was thirteen or fourteen years old, and the groom fifteen or sixteen years old.

Russian fist fighting is an ancient Russian combat sport, basically similar to modern boxing. However, it features some indigenous techniques and often fought in collective events called "Wall against Wall". The government and the Russian Orthodox Church often tried to prohibit the fights, however fist fighting remained popular until the 19th century, while in the 20th century some of the old techniques were adopted for the modern Russian martial arts.

Russian people ate to satiety only on holidays. But on holidays the number of dishes even in an ordinary country family was up to for twenty. At the table it was prohibited to speak, knock loudly with a spoon, throw the food remains on a table, and leave the table before the owner. The Russian person made thrifty use of food [5]. Only the head of the family had the right to cut bread, at a table and give a sign to a family to begin the meal.

In conclusion, it should be stressed that people need to зreserve the history and traditions of their country. Mikhail Lomonosov said: «Nation, which doesn`t know its past, has no future». Cultural heritage is the object of careful study and further research.

Bibliography

1. Khrancovsky, N.I. A short sketch of the history and the description of Nizhny Novgorod. - N. Novgorod, 1998.

2. Moskaeva A.S., Kocheva E.A., Smirnova E.V. The main design features of the temples. European Journal of Natural History. 2016. № 3. 103-105pp.

3. Agafonov S. The Nativity church // Agafonov, S. Gorky - Nizhny Novgorod / S. Agafonov; edited by V. А. Vesnin. - М, 1947.

4. Tynnikova A.N. Historical and cultural significance of the territory of Blagovetscenskaya Sloboda in Nizhny Novgorod. http:// scienceforum.ru/2016/2147/25021.

5. Smirnova E.V. Specific of the guide-interpreter’s job. 17 International Scientific and Industrial Forum, NNGASU 2015, 329-332pp.

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