IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

The numeral is a part of speech indicating the number or order of objects. Numerals are divided into cardinal and ordinal. Cardinal numerals indicate the number of subjects and answer the question: how many? how much? For example: one= один, two= два, three= три, etc. Ordinal numerals indicate the order of objects and answer the question: which? = который? For example: first= первый, second= второй, third= третий, etc.

Compound numerals

1. Compound numerals from 20 to 100 are formed in the same way as in the Russian language: 25 - twenty-five, 93 - ninety-three.

2. The union «and» put in compound numerals after 100 before tens, and if not, then in front of the units: 375 (three hundred seventy five), 2941 (two thousand nine hundred and forty-one).

3. If quantitative numeral consists of tens and units the two words are separated by hyphen: 21: twenty-one, 73: seventy-three.

Numerals «hundred», «thousand», «million» do not acquire the end of -s as an indicator of the plural, however, if these words function as nouns, i.e. there is no numeral before them (and after them is usually the preposition «of»), then the plural s is added: hundreds of people= сотни людей, thousands of words= тысячи слов.

Ordinal numerals

Ordinal numerals are formed from the corresponding cardinal numbers by adding the suffix – th: seven — seventh= седьмой, twenty-four — twenty-fourth= двадцать четвёртый.

Rulesofformationordinal numerals

1. The suffix-th is attached in compound ordinal numerals the last word. For example: the forty-sixth= сорок шестой.

2. The definite article is usually used before ordinal numerals. For example: thetenth= десятый.

3. Dozens of that have the ending-y change to –ie. For example: ninety= девяносто – ninetieth= девяностый.

4. Exceptions: thefirst= первый, thesecond= второй, thethird= третий, thefifth= пятый, theninth= девятый, thetwelfth= двенадцатый.

Cardinal numeral sometimes follows the word define, then it essentially has the ordinal value. Compare: Lesson One= урок один - the first lesson= первый урок.

Functions of the numeral in the sentence

1. Subject. For example: Threewere absent from the leсture= Трое отсутствовали на лекции.

2. Supplement. For example: How many books did you take from the library?

I tookthree= Сколько книг вы взяли в библиотеке? Я взял три.

1. Attribute. For example: Thesecondlesson begins at eleven o’clock. = Второй урок начинается в одиннадцать часов.

2. The nominal part of compound predicate. For example: Five times five istwenty-five. = Пятьюпять—двадцатьпять.

Fractions

The numerator is denoted by a quantitative numerals, simple fractions, and the denominator is indicated by an ordinal numeral. Ordinal, that is, the denominator takes the plural ending -s, if the numerator is greater than one. The point is placed instead of a comma in decimal numbers in English.

Date

Two-digit number corresponding to the first two and last two digits of the designations referred to when reading two-digit years. The word «year» = год is not added in this reading. For example: Pushkin was born in seventeen ninety-nine. = Пушкин родился в 1799 году.

Years can be read in another way. For example: 1754-the year seventeen hundred and fifty-four. Such a reading is sometimes found in the documents.

Use features English numerals

Cardinal numbers are usually used in English when referring to numbers, pages, chapters, parts of books, classrooms, houses, trams, etc. should Quantitative numeral in this case it defines a noun, and the noun is used without the article. For example: Chapter one = глава первая. Open your books at page 23 (twenty-three) = Откройте книги на 23-й странице (на странице 23). Read paragraph 5 (five) = Читайте пятый параграф.

Years are indicated by a quantitative numeral. The verb that expresses the result of action, can stand as singular or plural when referring to the arithmetic. For example: Five and four is (are) nine. Nine minus five is (are) four. Three times four is (are) twelve.

The cardinal numbers greater than one are used with nouns in the plural form. For example: There are three classes of reactors: slow, intermediate and fast. = Имеются три вида реакторов: реакторы на медленных, промежуточных и быстрых нейтронах.

Two-digit and multi-digit numbers ending in one, used in the English language with a noun in the plural form. For example: There are thirty-one days in January. = В январе тридцать один день.

Phone numbers, credit card numbers and so forth are read by the numbers. For example: 89 568 90786 «eight nine, five six eight, nine oh seven eight six».

References

1. http://study-english.info/numeral.php

2. https://www.native-english.ru/grammar/english-numerals

3. https://www.native-english.ru/grammar/cardinal-numerals

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