IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Comedy "Woe from Wit" Griboyedov was completed in 1824 (the year before the Decembrist uprising). Immediately prohibited censorship comedy during his lifetime never appeared either in print or on the stage. But the popularity of "Woe from Wit" was enormous: the comedy manuscript copied by hand, and lists differed in Russia.

When the first theatrical comedy by reduced censorship lists, the audience is already so well-known original (unabridged), the text of the play have been resolved, which corrected the actors, and criticized them for their "distorted" replicas, because they "distort" the verses. Even then, aphoristic, colorful, bright comedy it was familiar to many members of the gentry intelligentsia.

Author invested into a comedy full force of his poetic talent, creating a play full of deep meaning, but very easy to read, memorize and perception of the viewer. By this feature comedy owes witty and lively language Griboyedov. The play reflected the era, which came after the War of 1812 Griboedov shows Moscow nobility of the period. And the language and style of play reflects this particular era and a society.

Features the comedy of language linked, firstly, with the innovation of the method and the comedy genre. Recall that the comedy in the classical era of the genre was considered low, which is allowed to decrease to rudeness spoken language. Griboyedov is partly preserved and partly breaks this tradition: the play really wrote another spoken language, but nonetheless literate and literary, harmoniously fit into poetic form; language is not reduced to rudeness and closest to the literary conversation.

The language of the play as much as possible relieved of borrowed foreign words, as well as from the archaisms, tserkovnoslavyanizmy peculiar book speech of the last century, which is much "easier" it makes available and easy to grasp.

Griboyedov adopted Krylov experience with spoken language in poetry. Comedy written shestistopnym pentameter, which is often punctuated by rows of shorter length, thereby verse loses tyazhelovesnost and monotony. Griboyedov managed in verse to convey a real live Russian language, which is spoken educated society in the era of writing comedy. the author also uses the phrases and terms that time, a kind of nobility jargon for transmission Moscow nobility language: "We take the teachers, and the house, and for tickets", "noble in the case", "Toope not nod", "from England", "Freemason" (distorted "Masson-Frank"), "Carbonari."

In the play, each character speaks its own language, each has its own characteristic voice. The main conflict of the play - the conflict between good personality - Chatsky - and society, which is a typical representative of Famusov, conflict is reflected in the speech of heroes.

It Chatsky several book ( "speaks writes") that shows his great erudition and education, but the precarious position of his ideas in this mundane society. In syntactic terms Chatsky it difficult speech of other characters. It has the features of journalistic style, especially in his accusatory monologue written as an angry satire. He uses a lot of exclamations and rhetorical questions, this is explained by the fact that the hero is young and in love, we are his ardent and passionate:

А судьи кто?..

Где? укажите нам, Отечества отцы,

которых мы должны принять за образцы?..

...вдруг

На них он выменял борзые три собаки!!!

Тот Нестор негодяев знатных...

...В науки он вперит ум, алчущий познаний...

Speech Chatsky most peculiar and aphoristic wit:

А, впрочем, он дойдет до степеней известных,

Ведь нынче любят бессловесных...

...И дым Отечества нам сладок и приятен!

Unlike Chatsky, Fаmusov speaks in plain language, but gradually, with chuvsvom own superiority and the right to teach others. In his speech he felt the owner, the owner of the house where the action takes place, and most importantly, the owner of the Moscow gentry society, a kind of flax aging king.

Skalozub It is full of military terminology:

А форменные есть отлички:

В мундирах выпушки, погончики, петлички...

....Я князь-Григорию и вам

Фельдфебеля в Вольтеры дам,

Он в три шеренги вас построит... —

Molchalin (which corresponds to his name and nature) says very little and always ingratiating, adding at the end the words "c" - uses the business, clerical style of speech:

Я только нес их для докладу,

Что вход нельзя пустить без справок, без иных,

Противоречье есть, и многое не дельно.

Repetilov mixes conversational style with the business, stationery, creating a comic effect; inappropriate uses words whose meaning is understood poorly, "call me vandal", "radical needful immediately medication."

In a speech to female characters Gallicisms many foreign words, which in general is very little comedy. These princesses and the Countess-granddaughter of the ball is a real "mixture of French with Nizhny Novgorod:

Какой фасон прекрасный!

Какие складочки!

Обшиты бахромой,

Нет, если бы видели мой тюрлюлю атласный!

Какой эшарпcousinмне подарил!

Ах! да, барежевый!

The only exception is Hlestova typical Moscow lady, her speech consists only of Russian words.

Sophia says the correct literary language, in her speech was influenced by sentimental novels:

Возьмет он руку, к сердцу жмет,

Изглубиныдушивздохнет...

In a speech Lisa significantly influence the style of speech ladies, which is characteristic of the classic comedy:

У девушек сон утренний так тонок...

It is also Lisa's aphoristic, because it - the second argumentative and gives apt characteristics of the characters.

Как все московские, ваш батюшка таков:

Желал бы зятя он с звездами да с чинами,

А при звездах не все богаты, между нами…

…И золотой мешок, и метит в генералы…

…Кто так чувствителен, и весел, и остер,

КакАлександрАндреичЧацкий!

Although aphorisms most peculiar speech Chatsky and Lisa, they are found in the speech of almost all the characters and relate more to the author's style than the style of the character, here he spoke by the mouth of the heroes.

«Блажен, кто верует тепло ему на свете!» (Chatsky), «Что за комиссия, создатель, быть взрослой дочери отцом!» (Fаmusov), «Счастливые часов не наблюдают» (Sophia), «Ах! Злые языки страшнее пистолета» (Molchalin), «Минуй нас пуще всех печалей и барский гнев и барская любовь» (Lisa).

Aphoristic and "epigrammatic salt" (IA Goncharov) are the most remarkable, in my opinion, the quality and style of comedy language. Thanks to her language play against itself shall live satire and morality. Have not read a comedy, we know from childhood these lines, firmly entered our language as proverbs, as predicted by AS Pushkin: «Служитъ бы рад, прислуживаться тошно», «Свежо предание, а верится с трудом», «Ба! знакомые все лица!» and many others. Author playing tongue wags his way and that, uses speech means to create a comic effect.

Easy conversational, witty language Griboyedov prepared the transition of Russian drama to prose and realistic language. Even after 10 years, "Woe from Wit" appeared "Inspector" Gogol and Russian prose comedy established itself on the stage. The play "Woe from Wit", created at the junction of different directions, combining the features of classicism, romanticism and realism, which incorporates the richness of the spoken Russian language is, as a matter of fact, a unique product and rightfully occupies its rightful place and the history of Russian literature.

References

1. Blagoy D., article "Griboyedov" // "Literary Encyclopedia in 11 volumes", Volume 2, 1929.

2. Burakovsky S., "" Woe from Wit "Griboyedov. Analysis of Comedy", 1891.

3. Vinokur G.O., "" Woe from Wit "as a monument of Russian art of speech," "Selected Works of Russian language", M., 1959

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