IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Pyelonephritis most often occurs as a result of urinary tract infection, particularly when there is occasional or persistent backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters or an area called the kidney pelvis

Patients experience the discomfort with urination caused by a urinary tract infection: painful, urgent, or frequent urination.

Pyelonephritis may start with similar symptoms. However, once the infection has spread to the kidney, signs of more severe illness usually result. These are:

Back pain or flank pain

Feeling sick (malaise)

Nausea and vomiting

Fever (usually present) or chills

Confusion (especially in the elderly)

Pyelonephritis can cause noticeable changes in urine, as following:

Blood in the urine (hematuria)

Cloudy or foul-smelling urine

Pain when urinating

Increased frequency or urgency of urination

The methods that are used for diagnosis are:

Urine analysis: leukocyturia, proteinuria, decreased urine concentration after thirst trial.

Laboratory tests: elevated creatinine concentration.

Renal ultrasound: small kidneys, focally thin echogenic cortex.

Intravenous urography: blunt and deformed calyces with a thin cortex.

Voiding cystourethrogram: for the confirmation or exclusion of vesicourethral reflux.

Renal scintigraphy: static DMSA renal scintigraphy is the most sensitive method for the detection of parenchymal scarring of the kidney.

Urodynamics: for the detection or exclusion of neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

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