IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Hepatitis A, also called Botkin's disease is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis virus A. Incubation period lasts 7 to 50 days, average - about one month.

The first symptoms acute form of the disease: increase in body temperature to 38-39 degrees; signs of intoxication (headache, dizziness, fatigue, aching muscles, joints); nausea, vomiting, belching; heaviness in the right upper quadrant; delay of stools; there may be sore throat, mild pain when swallowing. After 3-5 days after the onset of the disease jaundice develops: yellowing of the sclera (whites of the eyes) and skin; urine becomes dark and the stool light;

Subacute form: characteristic symptoms of jaundice forms, but the most manifestations of jaundice are not observed. Subclinic type of the disease: in this form manifestations are almost absent, the general condition of the patient is not violated, the liver is not increased. At this form determination of a presence of the disease is only possible by using laboratory methods, elevated liver enzymes ALT and AST in the blood, the presence of specific markers of the virus. Erased form of the disease is characterized by minimal and quickly passing symptoms.

Since virus particles are excreted in the feces at the end of the incubation period, a specific diagnosis is only possible through idenitying the presence of anti-HAV IgM in blood. IgM appear in the blood only after the acute phase of infection, and can be detected through one or two weeks after infection. The appearance of IgG in the blood indicates the end of the acute phase and the appearance of immunity to infection. IgG anti-HAV appear in the blood after administration of the hepatitis B virus vaccine A.

During the acute phase of the infection in the blood greatly increases the concentration of liver enzymes -ALT. The enzyme appears in the blood as a result of destruction of hepatocytes by virus.

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