IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Kazan which has celebrated thousand-year anniversary in 2005. The city of Kazan is the capital of one of subjects of the Russian Federation – the Republic of Tatarstan. Kazan – the multinational city with rather big population – there live more than one million people of hundred one nationalities. The multinationality and the difference of cultures following from it which are the historical characteristic of Kazan create unique variety. More than hundred fifty religious organizations of various faiths work in the city. In the city four religious higher education institutions – one Orthodox Christian and three Islamic work. The most known orthodox shrine of the city is the Kazan icon of the Mother of God returned to Kazan from Vatican.

History

Not directly on the political map of the Russian state Kazan appeared known for all in present period. Once in 1005, far and not rich in historical events, here – on the Kremlin hill – walls of powerful defensive fortress were erected. With its help in existing during this period on this earth of the Volga Bulgaria local population it was protected from invasions of the most different enemies. The city had to endure both invasion of the Mongolian troops, and Pugachev's rebellion consequences about the long and difficult story, and it is a lot of destructive fires.

After taking of Ivan IV by numerous army the well-known Kazan, having become in 1552, important for all Russian state, the Russian city, turned from the well-known capital of the extensive Kazan khanate into one of the large and influential Russian centers. Now it is this large industrial megalopolis striking with scales of transformations in economic and cultural life of modern Tatarstan. Kazan is considered the capital not only by representatives of the Tatar people of this republic, but also Tatars practically of all foreign states.

Placement

Always it is easy for the foreign tourists visiting Kazan to choose the room in one of local hotels for comfortable accommodation and acquaintance to historical places of the Tatar capital. For a housekeeping staff of numerous local hotels, as well as for most of citizens, an important component of internal culture hospitality became more sincere long ago. Local hotels offer travelers a huge variety of comfortable numbers and conditions of accommodation. Always there are a lot of persons interested to stop in stylish numbers of Europe – quite expensive five-stars hotel known for the remarkable restaurants. Even more comfortable rest waits for city visitors in well-known "Premium" – the cozy four-stars hotel which became famous for the medical center. Fans of the European design in a decor and an interior stay often at this stylish hotel.

The tourists who chose rest in stylized semi-antique two-storeyed Don Quixote – quite magnificent three-stars hotel known to many city visitors will be with more democratic prices, but not smaller comfort satisfied. More modest accommodation waits for young travelers in three-storyed "Zebra" – cozy mini-hotel, similar to a small ancient mansion. This marvelous hostel was located in the neighbourhood with the small, picturesque square where tourists can have a rest, sitting on benches and admiring the fountain.

Culture

Kazan is one of the largest cultural centers of Russia, keeping classical achievements, and also promoting development of the modern, vanguard directions in many areas of culture. The capital of Tatarstan traditionally call "multicultural", meaning mutually advantageous enrichment of peacefully coexisting Russian and Tatar cultures. With assistance of UNESCO in Kazan the first-ever Institute of culture of the world was created. In the city congresses of the World congress of Tatars are held and its executive committee works.

In Kazan the international festivals of the opera Shalyapinsky, the ballet Nuriyevsky, classical music Rakhmaninovsky, "The Kazan fall", modern music Concordia in Kazan, jazz music, фольк - rock music "Creation of the world", literary "Aksyonov-fest", Muslim cinema "Gold Minbar" (since 2010 — the Kazan international festival of Muslim cinema), role-playing games of Zilantkon, numerous other festivals and competitions of federal and republican level are annually held.

Museums

In total in Kazan 34 state museums and several public and private galleries work. The largest and the most versatile of them is the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan founded in 1894. The most valuable natural-science, archaeological, ethnographic and many other expositions settle down in the main building of the museum — the former Gostiny dvor of 1800 — 1815 of construction. In Kazan the only branch of the State Hermitage in Russia — the Hermitage Kazan center works. Also one of the most popular museums of the city is the Museum IZO RT representing the expositions in the building of the former residence of the general Sandetsky (the beginning of the 20th century), in the Kremlin gallery "Hazine" and a belltower of Church of the Epiphany.

Music

Musical life of the capital of Tatarstan combines in itself the most various lines. The state Big concert hall of S. Saydashev regularly holds a festival of classical music of Rachmaninov and a festival of modern music Concordia of Sofya Gubaidulina, the international festivals "Pianoforum" and "New Peredvizhniki Movement", classical concerts of the international level, and its concert organ has no analogs in Russia. The Kazan chamber orchestra "La Primavera" is known far outside the city. The graduate of the Kazan conservatory Sofya Gubaidulina is called "the most outstanding female composer of the 20th century". The annual international opera festival "Kazan Fall" in a modern world format in the open air "опен by Eyre" with free visit of thousands of audience of a gala concert of opera top stars at Palace Square near walls of the Kazan Kremlin and Kazanok River Embankment and statement of the opera in natural historical interiors in the territory of the Kazan Kremlin is held. In the city also annually there take place the international festivals of improvisational music "The jazz in Sandetsky's estate" and "The jazz intersection", and also опен Eyre a folk-rock festival of the unique interstyle format "Creation Mira". In Kazan the only school of rock music "The Road" in Russia works. In the city 2 philharmonic halls also function: Tatar state philharmonic hall of G. Tuqay and Kazan city philharmonic hall.

Literature

In Kazan literary life is traditionally developed. In the city such writers, G. Derzhavin, E. Baratynsky, L. Tolstoy, M. Gorky worked. In honor of the native of the city Vasily Aksyonov "Aksyonov-fest" is annually carried out. Except the Writers' Union of RT, in Kazan 3 literary studios in which more than 200 young poets and prose writers are engaged work. In the city 3 republican and 67 city libraries work (including, more than twenty nurseries), among them the largest are the National library of the Republic of Tatarstan and Library of the Kazan university.

Architectural features

In Kazan architectural building of the historic center and Old-Tatar settlement rather well remained. Here both ancient merchant mansions, and profitable houses of rich citizens of 18-19 centuries: Shamil's house, Kekin's Houses, Mikhlyaeva, Culm Smolina, Apanayevykh, Usmanov etc. To anniversary celebrations were also reconstructed and the set of objects of the cultural and historical environment, the most important of which — the Qol Sharif mosque in the Kazan Kremlin, are newly created.

Znamenitaya Street of Bauman

Bauman Street — one of the main city streets and one of the best-known sights of Kazan — many monuments of architecture are concentrated here. This street the most shabby, earlier, when the rule the Kazan khanate, called it Nogai.

Then, and already with 1930, the Kazan figure of revolution Bauman who lived in Kazan is called Prolomna by last name. Since 1986 it became a pedestrian street therefore it began to be improved actively.

Tysyacheletiya Square

Very known area in Kazan — one of the largest in Russia. For many tourists of the city this area one of the first sights of Kazan which should be seen at visit of the city.

The area sizes very much impress – about 99 thousand sq.m on which a lot of all is constructed interesting since stadium and the metro station, the station, finishing circus and cozy cafes.

Here the Cauldron can admire beautiful landscapes the river and small, but graceful squares. Tysyacheletiya Square, perhaps, for a long time was fixed on a position of the main symbol of the city, became its business card.

Official year of discovery of the area it is considered to be 2002, but before the area was very intensively reconstructed and completed.

Once long ago the area was called Exhibition, but in 2005 city authorities with a consent of locals decided to rename it, in honor of anniversary of the city – 1000.

Of course, this square became the house for all large-scale actions, such, for example, as City Day and Republic, and also Victory Day. All celebrations on the square are followed by cheerful festivities, colourful parades and unforgettable salutes.

Kazan Kremlin

Tysyacheletiya Square is adjoined by the well-known Kazan Kremlin which is considered by right cultural heritage of the republic. It is a huge complex, with different structures, the most interesting magnificent architectural ideas.

Officially it is considered that the Kremlin Kazan has been built in the 10th century, but, unfortunately, more exact documents and dates of building haven't remained up to now.

The earliest finds of archeologists have been found in a northern part of the Kremlin near the river of the Cauldron. Scientists believe that initially there were Bulgar settlements, and later the Kremlin a visor in the orders the government of the Kazan khanate.

After a siege Grozny of the city in 1552 all construction of fortress completely lay in ruins. But later the tsar has ordered to bring urgently to him the best handicraftsmen who the increased rates reconstructed a construction.

Suyumbike Tower

Many call Suyumbike Tower a pearl of the Kazan Kremlin, also she is known that there were an object of city legends and mythologies. Tower height about 60 meters, but, nevertheless, from her open the most beautiful panoramic views of the Volga Rivers and to the Cauldron, and also on constructions of the Kazan Kremlin.

On one of legends of the city there lived the queen Syuyumbike here and she has constructed this tower, having devoted her to the husband who has died in 1549.

Other legend says absolutely about other as if the tower was built by order of the tsar of Grozny which has allegedly desired the queen Syuyumbike in the wife, but she was against marriage and, having plunged into a despair, has rushed from the last floor of a tower down.

In reality if to speak about information recorded in documents, the ruling queen Syuyumbike has been cruelly betrayed by the citizens, and against will is married to the Tatar khan.

References

1. https://www.smileplanet.ru/russia/kazan/

2. https://www.tripadvisor.ru/Attractions-g298520-Activities-Kazan_Republic_of_Tatarstan_Volga_District.html

3. http://tonkosti.ru/Казань

4. http://nesiditsa.ru/city/kazan

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