IX Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2017

Lipetsk is a city and the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Voronezh River in the Don basin, 438 kilometers (272 mi) southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 508,887.

History

Monument to Peter the Great. Lipetsk was first mentioned in the 13th century chronicles. The name means "Linden city" and is cognate with Leipzig and Liepāja. In 1284, the city was destroyed by the Mongols.

The foundation of the modern city dates back to 1703, when Peter the Great ordered construction of a cast iron factory in Lipetsk near the iron ore deposits for making artillery shells. On September 27, 1779, Lipetsk was granted town status. It became one of the principal towns of Tambov Governorate.

In 1879, Lipetsk hosted a congress of members of Land and Liberty.

In the mid-1920s, the much-reduced German Army of the Weimar Republic secretly contracted with Soviet authorities to operate a clandestine military aviation base and test facility near Lipetsk – circumventing prohibitions of the Versailles Treaty. The base enabled technical collaboration by the two powers whose separate defeats in World War I left them isolated in post-war Europe. This activity inside the U.S.S.R. took place away from the vigilant eyes of the victors.

Administrative and municipal status

Lipetsk is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Lipetsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Lipetsk Urban Okrug.

Economy

The principal industries of Lipetsk include ferrous metallurgy, machinery, metalworking, machine tools, engines, chemicals, food, and clothing.

The former steel combine was privatized in 1992 and Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK) with approximately 48,000 employees and an 64% export ratio (2005) is one of the largest employers in the oblast. In 2008, the company's revenue was $11.7 billion. Other industry are another metallurgical plant "Svobodny Sokol" ("Free Falcon"), a tractor factory LTZ, solvent-extraction plant Liboil (largest rapeseed oil producer in Central Federal District and the second in Russia), pipe factory, a factory for refrigerators and household appliances, an ice factory, lathe factory, chemical factories, etc. Industry is mainly located south of the Voronezh River.

The XXth century is the beginning of the fast industrial development in the region. The Lipetsk region has turned from a typical agrarian into a well-developed industrial-agrarian region. Metallurgy, machinery producing, chemical industry, construction materials manufacturings, mining as well as light industry, food industry have the priority in the development. The Novo-Lipetsk Iron and Steel Company and the Svobodny Sokol Factory produce pigiron, steel and rolled metal. “Stinol” produces refrigirators and freezers.

The factory “Lipetskie Uzory” makes wooden spoons, plates, cups, glasses, jugs, trays. In Lipetsk we can buy Dymkovo and Romanovo toys; matryoshka dolls; wooden, straw and clay toys and whistles.

Our factories produce such tasty things as sweets, ice-cream and juice. Lipetsk region is famous for such juice as “Antoshka”, “Antonovka”, “Privet”, “Tonus”, “Ya”, “J7”. The drinks have everything: taste and goodness. It is popular not only in the Lipetsk region. Lipetsk Group of Refrigerating Enterprises is a well-known maker of ice-cream which uses first-class ingredients has excellent quality.

Transportation

Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Lipetsk and Moscow. Trams, trolleybuses and buses provide local public transportation. The municipality aspires to renovate the tramway network as it is largely segregated from motor traffic. It has negotiated a 10-year, RUR 30 billion loan from the European Bank of Reconstruction & Development for tramway renewal.

Health care

Lipetsk is one of the oldest mud bath and balneological resorts in Russia (first opened in 1805). Peat mud and chalybeate bicarbonate calcic springs are used to treat patients. Sulphate and chloride sodium water is used for therapeutic baths and drinking.

Education

Lipetsk State Academic Drama Theater named after Leo Tolstoy. Lipetsk is home of the Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, and some other colleges. Lipetsk is a town of students. In Lipetsk there are two universities: the State Technical University and the State Pedagogical University, where Students train hard to become highqualified engineers, managers, accountants, programmers and teachers. There is also a branch of the Moscow Finance and Economic Institute, several technical colleges, a music one in the town.

Cultural Life of the City

In Lipetsk there are a lot of monuments which are connected with history of the town and Russia. Lipetsk region is closely connected with famous Russian people: M.U. Lermontov, I.S. Turgenev, A.M. Gorky, Ivan Bunin, Gleb Uspensky, S. Yesenin, G.V. Plekhanov, A.S. Pushkin and etc. The great-grandfather of the greatest poet A.S. Pushkin lived in Pocrovskoye (Corenyovschino).

The culture life of Lipetsk is very rich. There are two drama theatres, the Puppet Theatre, the Philarmonic Society, concert halls, cinemas, many libraries and museums in Lipetsk. In the Local Lore museum the visitors can see old things, clothes, symbols and flags of old and new Lipetsk. The museum contains collections of pictures and objects of art of the famous people of town.

Our theatre is named after Leo Tolstoi and now has an Academic title. The best ballet and drama performances and operas are performed in this theatre.

Lipetsk philharmonic society house. The puppet-show is one of the best in Russia. The Plekhanov House-Museum. Lipetsk region is the place of birth of G.V. Plekhanov. Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov (November 29, 1856 – May 30, 1918) was a doctor, a Russian revolutionary , a Marxist theoretician. Plekhanov House contains a large collection of materials on Russian and foreign history.

There are some beautiful churches in Lipetsk. Some of them were destroyed and rebuilt. Chapel of Peter and Paul was rebuilt in 1995 and is situated in Revolution Square. Nicolskaya Church is in Torgovaya Square. Not long ago it was rebuild, too. And now their walls and columns are covered with frescoes and contain wonderful icons. Ancient Uspenskaya Church is in Nizhny Park. It is the most ancient cathedral in Lipetsk. Before 1764 it belonged to men’s monastery. Now this church is all that left after it.

On Sobornaya (Cathedral) Square there is an old cathedral. It is a monument of the past (19th century). It is an architectural monument of the town known as Christmas Church. The Local Lore museum used to occupy the building of the old cathedral. In 1992 the museum moved into another building in Lenin street. The cathedral was returned to Church. If you stand in the highest place in Lipetsk-Sobornaya Squareyou have a view of the whole town.

The stadium “Metallurg” is situated in the center of Lipetsk. In Lipetsk there are “Neptun” and “Spartak” sports halls with 25 m swimming pools. “Neptun” is located in the pine wood of the Metallurg Park. They were good schools for dozens of Russian masters of Sports and international ranked sportsmen in swimming and other sports. The Skiing lodge is located in the Metallurg Park.

Many Russian and foreign tourists and specialists visit Lipetsk. They can get to Lipetskby plane, train, bus, car. The airport in the suburb of Lipetsk is equipped for landing any type of planes. Lipetsk is theimportant railway station. Since 1868, there is an railway connection between Lipetsk and Moscow.

The tourists and specialists can stay in comfortable hotels such as “Lipetsk”, “Central”, “Tourist”, “Laguna”, “Metallurg” and etc. They are equipped with modern and comfortable rooms, restaurants, the bars and hair-dressing saloons, saunas with a swimming pool. The hotels provides washing and ironing services, taxi calls, shuttle bus services and etc.

In Lipetsk there are a lot of new big shops, cafes, restaurants, youth dance clubs. There you can have some ice-cream or coffee or just have a talk with your friends and dance.

Military

MiG-19 on the plinth in front of 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation. At the Lipetsk Air Base north of the town, the 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation named after Valery Chkalov is situated in Lipetsk.

The Lipetsk Air Center's chief, colonel Kharchevsky, has become famous after trial air combats in the United States and being a personal pilot of President Putin. The city is also served by the smaller Lipetsk Airport.

References

1. A. Morgachev. "Lipetsk". Moscow, "Soviet Russia" 1983

2. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/

3. www.stu.lipetsk.ru

4. http://shkolazhizni.ru/world/articles/7615/

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