МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ 033000. 62 – КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ

Бочарникова А.Ю. 1, Федуленкова Т.Н. 1

1ВлГУ им. Столетовых

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Организация самостоятельной работы студентов неязыкового вуза – важное условие овладения ими иностранным языком в объеме, предусмотренном Программой высшей школы.

Предлагаемые методические указания предназначены для самостоятельной работы студентов, обучающихся по специальности 033000.62 – «Культурология». Цель данной работы – способствовать улучшению знаний английского языка у студентов нефилологического отделения, обладающих навыками на уровне стандартной школьной программы, обеспечить материал для самостоятельного чтения и перевода познавательной, страноведческой литературы, поддерживать непосредственную беседу по изученной теме корректно выражать свои мысли. Работа содержит советы по изучению английских текстов и различные практические задания. Английский язык возможно выучить самостоятельно, но данные методические рекомендации предполагают текущий контроль преподавателя, который осуществляющий запланированную проверку знаний как в устной, так и в письменной форме.

Для самостоятельного чтения предлагается около двух десятков текстов, объединенных тематикой, связанной с лингвострановедением, а именно: музыкальные праздники, праздники даров природы и праздники в честь исторических личностей.

В самостоятельной работе с текстами рекомендуется следующая последовательность упражнений:

Ознакомление с комментариями к тексту.
Ответы на вопросы к тексту.
Подтверждение правильности/ неправильности высказывания из текста.
Завершение предложения с использованием фактов, данных в тексте.
Заполнение пропусков правильными предлогами.
Подбор русских эквивалентов к словам и выражениям.
Подготовка к обсуждению текста.

MUSIC FESTIVALS

Scott Joplin Ragtime Festival

Sedalia, Missouri

This was a rough and rollicking railroad town when a young black musician published a new tune, named in tribute to the local saloon in which he worked. “The Maple Leaf Rag” by Scott Joplin appeared in 1897 and it changed American music forever.

Ragtime was already starting to be heard in some of the more daring night spots in the South and Midwest, but it was still unacceptable in respectable middle-class homes. Its ragged meter was an open invitation to dance... and who knows what that would lead to? Shameless, said the ministers and moralists, and they urged that it be suppressed.

But the white audience went wild when they heard Joplin’s tune. Within six months, “Maple Leaf Rag” had sold an unprecedented 75,000 copies of sheet music and this dangerous sound was suddenly being heard on parlor pianos everywhere. It made Joplin enough money to move to St. Louis, where he continued to write the rags that were an inspiration to composers like the young Irving Berlin. The style was the dominant force in popular music for the next twenty years.

Joplin, however, was a serious musician, who aspired to grand opera. But the public was unwilling to listen to symphonic compositions written by African Americans, and what he regarded as his masterpiece, Treemonisha, went unproduced in his lifetime. He died in 1919, bitter, broke and obscure, in New York. His work was rediscovered decades after his death, however, and a heightened appreciation for his skills as a composer grew after new recordings of his music were made in the 1970s. Many of his rags were used as the score for the hit movie The Sting, which brought his work to a wider audience. Finally, in 1972, at Atlanta’s Morehouse University, Treemonisha was given its first performance.

Sedalia never forgot the genius who once played piano here. Although the Maple Leaf Bar is long gone, the music written there lives on. This festival brings together some of the finest ragtime artists in the country and celebrates the legacy of Joplin.

Events: Concerts (both free and paid), dancing, street entertainers, Ragtime Ball.

Comment

rollicking — бесшабашный

named in tribute — названный в честь

saloon— трактир, бар, пивная

mapleleaf— кленовый лист

ragtime — рэгтайм (вид джазовой музыки)

daring — смелый

unacceptable— неприемлемый

raggedmeter— неровный счет/метр (муз.)

minister — священник

urge — настаивать

sheetmusic— ноты (нотная запись муз. произведения)

aspire — стремиться; возвышаться до ч-л

masterpiece — шедевр

bitter — зд. Обозленный

broke — нищий

obscure — зд. всеми забытый

decade — десятилетие

score— музыкальная партитура

TheSting— “Афера” (кинофильм, вышедший на экран в 70-е гг., музыкальной темой которого стал один из рэгов Скотта Джоплина)

liveon— продолжать жить

legacy — наследие

Practice

I. Answer the questions on the text:

1. What was Sedalia like in 1897?

2. How did the new tune get its name?

3. How was Scott Joplin’s music different?

4. What was the attitude of ministers and moralists to ragtime?

5. How did Joplin’s tune become popular?

6. What style was dominant for the next twenty years?

7. What was the public’s reaction to Joplin’s symphonic compositions?

8. When and where did Joplin die?

9. When was his work rediscovered?

II. Make the meaning of the word opposite using prefixes or suffixes de-, dis-, un-, -less:

acceptable unacceptable

respectable _

shameful _

continue _

willing _

compose _

regard _

produced _

appreciated _

III. Check the correct meaning of the following words, judging by the context:

saloon

□ a car with seats for four or more people, a fixed roof, and a boot that is separated from the rear seats

□ a place where alcoholic drinks are sold and drunk

□ a comfortable bar where drinks are rather expensive

minister

□ a person in charge of a government department

□ a member of the clergy, especially in a Protestant church

decade

□ a group of ten

□ a period of ten years

□ a period of ten days (in the French Republic calendar of 1793)

IV. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Жизнь в городке у железнодорожной станции была грубой и бесшабашной.

2. Молодой негритянский музыкант работал в салуне “Кленовый лист”.

3. Рэгтайм уже начинал доноситься из кабачков Юга и Среднего Запада, но его не пускали в порядочные дома среднего класса.

4. Священники настаивали на его запрете.

5. Белая публика сходила с ума от мелодий Джоплина.

6. Повсюду в гостиных звучала эта опасная музыка.

7. Так как он был серьезным музыкантом, его тянуло к опере.

8. Публика не хотела слушать симфонические сочинения чернокожего американца.

9. Он умер в 1919 году в нищете и всеми забытый.

10. Фестиваль сплотил лучших исполнителей рэгтайма и укрепил наследие Джоплина.

V. Debate Club.

Discuss this musical style as a class. Did you know about ragtime before you read the story?

Jazz Festival

New Orleans, Louisiana

Jazz has many homes. Kansas City, Chicago, New York, San Francisco — each claims its own distinctive style of this musical form. But jazz has only one birthplace and that, indisputably, is New Orleans.

Some musical scholars trace its origins back to slave gatherings in the city’s Congo Square, where rhythmic dances were a local attraction before the Civil War. Others find its roots in Storyville, the former red-light district, where black musicians performed before a mainly white clientele. There were the “spasm” bands on the city streets, borrowing a musical phrase from the blues, another from the church, another from some old French or Spanish tune that was familiar to anyone from New Orleans.

Sometime around 1900 this new music started rolling out of the city’s black neighborhoods. It was first known as jass, which was the slang term for the sex act. Legendary figures such as Bunk Johnson and Jelly Roll Morton and King Oliver were playing it, in the nightclubs and on the riverboats. Then in 1917 two local groups — The New Orleans Rhythm Kings and the Original Dixieland Jass Band — signed recording contracts and the music suddenly spilled out to the rest of the world.

Calling for a high degree of improvisational skill within a structured framework, jazz demanded discipline and creativity, genius in a mold. It changed from Dixie to swing to bop and swept the world as America’s most distinct sound. But it almost died in the city that invented it.

By the late 1950s, traditional jazz musicians could not get work here and the music they had played in their youth was seldom heard. But the establishment of Preservation Hall in the French Quarter returned the music to its roots. Old-timers everyone had forgotten suddenly found themselves revered as guardians of a precious legacy, which has now been passed on to another generation’s stewardship.

Every variety of jazz is heard in this festival, from the home-grown original to some of the latest sounds from deep space. But it all came first from the streets of this city.

Events: Performances of every kind of jazz on 10 stages at the Fair Grounds; concerts are also held on riverboats and in nightclubs.

Comment

claim — претендовать

trace its origins back to — относят его происхождение к ч-л

former — бывший

red-lightdistrict— квартал публичных домов

borrow — заимствовать, занимать

theblues— блюз (муз.)

church — церковь

tune — мотив, напев, мелодия

rolloutof — выходить за пределы

neighborhood — район

sign — подписывать

callfor — требовать

skill — мастерство

withinaframework — в рамках/пределах ч-л

demand — требовать

creativity — творчество

geniusinamold — зд. гениальная натура

fromDixietoswingtobop — от диксиленда до свинга и бибопа (разновидности джазовой музыки)

old-timer — старожил

revere — уважать, почитать

guardian — страж, блюститель

precious — драгоценный

legacy — наследство, наследие

stewardship — распоряжение

Practice

I. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the birthplace of jazz?

2. What is the connection between Congo Square and jazz?

3. What is Storyville?

4. What does “spasm” band mean?

5. What jazz musicians were known as legendary figures around 1900?

6. What groups should we thank for jazz becoming popular all over the world?

7. What did the establishment of Preservation Hall in the French Quarter signify?

II. Say whether the statements are right or wrong and justify your answers:

1. Jazz has only one home — New Orleans.

2. Some musical scholars find jazz’s roots in Storyville.

3. Storyville was a famous concert hall.

4. Performances of the “spasm” bands were popular only among the white rich.

5. Concerts of jazz music were held on riverboats and in nightclubs.

6. Jazz calls for a high degree of improvisational skill.

7. The establishment of Preservation Hall in the French Quarter has put an end to jazz.

III. Complete the sentences, using the facts given in the text:

1. San Francisco is one of ... .

2. Each jazz home has its own ... .

3. Some musical scholars trace jazz’s origins ... .

4. “Spasm” bands borrowed from ... .

5. Sometime around 1900 jazz started ... .

6. In 1917 two New Orleans groups signed ... .

7. Jazz changed from Dixie to ... .

8. By the late 1950s, traditional jazz musicians could not ... .

9. Old-timers everyone had forgotten suddenly ... .

10. Every variety of jazz is heard during the Jazz Festival, from ... to ... .

IV. Fill the gaps with the correct preposition:

1. Some scholars trace jazz’s origins back ... slave gatherings ... the city’s Congo Square.

2. Rhythmic dances were a local attraction ... the Civil War.

3. There were the “spasm” bands ... the city streets.

4. Some French and Spanish tunes were familiar ... everyone ... New Orleans.

5. Jazz musicians were playing jazz ... nightclubs and on riverboats.

6. Jazz calls ... a high degree ... improvisational skill ... a structured framework.

7. The establishment ... Preservation Hall ... the French Quarter returned the music ... its roots.

V. Give Russian equivalents of the following words and expressions:

to claim its own distinctive style

to trace jazz’s origins back to smth

to be a local attraction

the former red-light district

to borrow a musical phrase from the blues

to roll out of the black neighborhoods

to spill out to the rest of the world

they found themselves revered as guardians of a precious legacy

genius in a mold

to pass on to

another generation’s stewardship

VI. Debate Club.

Talk about different kinds of jazz, its history and peculiarities. Do you patronise local jazz clubs? What do you think accounts for the growing interest in jazz in this country?

Bix Beiderbecke Festival

Davenport, Iowa

He was the prototype of the doomed jazz artist, a brilliant musician with a self-destructive drive that ran deeper than the Mississippi. Leon Bix Beiderbecke grew up in Davenport and heard the music. Just as the old cliche said, it was coming up the river from New Orleans. He learned to play it on the showboats that still wheeled along the river in the 1920s.

In those years, jazz was music played predominantly by black musicians. Formally trained whites seemed to lack the improvisational ability that lay at the heart of jazz. But Bix Beiderbecke was brilliant at it. His comet solos and unique phrasing, heard on scratchy old discs more than sixty years after their first recording, still have the power to charm. He inspired an entire generation of young composers and artists, among them Hoagy Carmichael and Benny Goodman.

His life, which was the model for the classic film Young Man with a Horn, was cut short at the age of twenty-eight. Filling the well of his talent with alcohol and riotous nights was more than his body could support. Davenport recalls its local jazzman with this musical tribute.

Events: Concerts, river boat races.

Comment

doomed — обреченный

drive — сила, энергия

predominantly — преимущественно

formallytrainedwhites — образованные белые (музыканты)

lack — не хватать, недоставать ч-л

phrasing — фразировка (муз.)

scratchy — зд. заезженная, поцарапанная (о пластинке)

inspire — вдохновлять, воодушевлять

horn — труба (муз.)

cutshort — обрывать, внезапно прерывать

well — родник, источник

riotous — буйный, разгульный

recall — вспоминать

tribute — дань

Practice

I. Give answers to the following questions:

1. How is Leon Beiderbecke described?

2. What did his self-destructive drive involve?

3. Where did he grow up?

4. Where did he learn to play jazz?

5. Who played jazz music in those years?

6. What did white musicians seem to lack?

7. When were his cornet solos first recorded?

8. Did he influence a new generation of young artists?

9. What cut his life short?

II. Match these international words to their definitions:

1. prototype a	a. when said of people’s career, it means “successful”
2. jazz	b. a musician, actor, dancer, or other performer
3. cliche	c. the first model that is made of smth new
4. brilliant	d. the natural ability to do smth well
5. artist	e. a style of music that often involves improvisation
6. talent	f. a copy of an object
7. model	g. a phrase or idea which has been overused

III. Find the English equivalents:

обреченный джазист _

блестящий музыкант _

самоубийственная тяга _

избитая фраза _

способность к импровизации _

заезженная пластинка _

целое поколение _

бурная ночь _

IV. Translate these sentences into English, paying special attention to idioms and phrasal verbs:

1. Его тяга к алкоголю глубоко укоренилась.

2. Леон Байдербеке рос в Давенпорте, штат Айова.

3. В основе джаза лежала способность к импровизации.

4. Его соло на трубе по-прежнему завораживает.

5. Жизнь джазового музыканта оборвалась в возрасте 28 лет.

V. Discuss the difference between a fact and an opinion. Mark the following statements F (fact) or О (opinion).

1. All jazz artists are doomed.

2. Use of alcohol reflects a self-destructive drive.

3. Jazz music is played by black musicians only.

4. White musicians lack the ability to improvise.

5. The human body can’t support a riotous life.

1 2 3 4 5

Glenn Miller Festival

Clarinda, Iowa

Of all the big bands that flourished in the Swing Era of the 1930s and 1940s, the one led by Glenn Miller remains as the symbol of the times. Other bands might have had better musicians or more imaginative arrangements. But the Miller sound, unmistakable and romantic, with reeds carrying the melody, can never be forgotten by anyone who danced to it, whether fifty years ago or yesterday.

Miller was the first artist to sell over one million records of a song, with his version of “Chattanooga Choo Choo” in 1943. The band’s recording of “In the Mood” has, over time, become the musical signature of the entire era. While the original Miller organization lasted just seven years — from 1937 until its leader’s disappearance before Christmas of 1944 in a wartime flight across the English Channel — the sound has never really been gone. The band was reassembled by former personnel right after World War II and has gone on touring ever since.

Among the places it plays annually is the birthplace of its leader. This is one of the country’s top nostalgia-fests, as big bands from around the world swing again in this Iowa town.

Events: Big band concerts, tours of Miller’s birthplace, Swing Era displays, dance, vocal and instrumental competition, presentations by original band members and associates.

Comment

flourish — процветать, преуспевать

swing — свинг (разновидность джазовой музыки)

arrangement — аранжировка (переложение музыкального произведения для голоса или к-л инструмента)

reeds — язычковые музыкальные инструменты (напр, дудочка, свирель)

mood — настроение, расположение духа

musicalsignature — музыкальное факсимиле

last — зд. существовать

theEnglishChannel — Ла-Манш (пролив между Францией и Великобританией)

former — прежний, бывший personnel — зд. состав

hasgoneontouring — гастролирует

Practice

I. Answer the questions:

1. What Iowa band remains the symbol of its time?

2. Why is the Miller sound unforgettable?

3. When did Miller become the first artist to sell over one million records of a song?

4. Which recording has become the musical signature of an entire era?

5. How long did the original Miller organization last?

6. What happened to Miller in 1944?

7. When do big bands from around the world swing in Clarinda?

II. Agree or disagree with these statements:

1. The band led by Glenn Miller flourished in the swing era of the 1830s and 1840s.

2. The Miller sound, unmistakable, but very dull, with reeds carrying the melody, irritated a lot of people.

3. The band was reassembled by new personnel right before World War II.

4. Glen Miller disappeared after Christmas of 1945 in a wartime flight across the Pacific Ocean.

5. The Glen Miller Festival is one of the country’s top nostalgia-fests.

III. Give the Russian equivalents:

to flourish _

an arrangement _

reeds carrying the melody _

a musical signature _

former personnel _

has gone on touring _

swing era displays _

a record _

IV. Complete the sentences, developing ideas given in the text:

1. The band led by Glen Miller flourished ... .

2. A lot of bands had good musicians and imaginative arrangements, but ... .

3. The Miller sound can never be forgotten by ... .

4. Miller’s version of “Chattanooga Choo Choo” was ....

5. The band’s recording of “In the Mood” has become ... .

6. The band has gone on ... .

7. The birthplace of the band’s leader is ... .

V. Make up sentences with the following words and expressions:

• the record of a song

• to remain the symbol of its time

• to have more imaginative arrangements

• to be reassembled by former personnel

• presentations by original band members and associates

VI. Find English equivalents of the following in the text:

• аранжировка

• язычковые музыкальные инструменты

• состав

• гастролировать

• Ла-Манш

• музыкальное факсимиле

VII. DebateClub.

Discuss your country’s top nostalgia-fest. What is it like?

FOOD FESTIVALS

International Pancake Race

Liberal, Kansas

The custom originated in Olney, England, sometime during the fifteenth century. According to local lore, a housewife making pancakes with the last of her cooking fat, which was forbidden during Lent, lost track of the time. She was still baking when she heard the bells ring for the start of worship. She raced to the church with her apron still on and her skillet in her hand.

From that incident, a competition developed among the women of Olney. Starting at the village well, they would run the 415 yards to the church through the winding streets of the village carrying their skillets. A custom developed that pancakes had to be flipped when the race began and as a contestant crossed the finish line, as proof that she still had the cakes. If a pancake was dropped, a runner had to stop and retrieve it.

In 1950, the mayor of Liberal read about this custom and decided that it was just the thing for his town. R. J. Leete cabled the British organizer of the race and challenged Olney to a competition. While Liberal is laid out in a grid like most western towns, a 415 yard zigzag course, identical to the one in England, was plotted through its streets. Liberal’s contestants dress in traditional aprons and headscarves, although in Kansas the kiss for the winner is not given by the church bell-ringer as it is in Olney. For the American event, the British consul for the area is called in to perform that duty.

Events: Pancake race, community pancake breakfast, parade, eating and flipping contests, amateur talent show.

Comment

custom — обычай

according to local lore — зд. местная история гласит

forbid — запрещать

Lent — великий пост (перед Пасхой)

lose track of the time — не замечать, как летит время

worship — богослужение

apron — передник

skillet — сковорода

well — колодец

yard — ярд (примерно 92 см)

winding — извилистый

flip — подбросить и перевернуть

contestant — участник состязания

proof — доказательство

retrieve — вернуть на прежнее место

cable — телеграфировать

challenge — вызывать, бросать вызов

lay out in a grid — разделить на квадраты (о плане города)

plot — чертить, вычерчивать кривую

winner — победитель

call in — приглашать

Practice

I. Answer these questions:

1. When and where did pancake races originate?

2. What does local lore say about it?

3. What kind of competition developed among the women of Olney?

4. Why did pancakes have to be flipped?

5. Who initiated this festival in the town?

6. What do the contestants wear?

7. Who kisses the winner?

II. Match the words to their definitions:

• lore church service

• Lent a pattern of straight lines that cross to form town squares

• worship a person taking part in a competition, election, etc.

• contestant traditional stories of a country or culture

• grid the period of 40 days before Easter

III. Write nouns derived from each of the following verbs:

Verb Noun

originate origin

compete _

develop _

begin _

prove _

run _

retrieve _

decide _

perform _

IV. Draw lines to connect each word to its synonym:

custom fast

fat contest

Lent grease

skillet toss

competition tradition

flip pinafore

apron frying pan

V. Debate Club.

Do you observe religious festivals? Which ones? What do you enjoy about them? Do you practise what you preach?¹ Share your experience with your classmates.

VI. Search the grid for the following words:

apron

event

perform

through

century

fat

proof

town

contestant

flip

race

winner

custom

kiss

skillet

zigzag

Massachusetts Harvest Cranberry Festival

South Carver, Massachusetts

It is a reasonable assumption that cranberries were served at the first Thanksgiving feast at Plymouth. The fruit was well known to the local Indians. The British settlers who ate them to ward off scurvy called them fenberries because they were grown in swampland. Not until later did they borrow the Dutch name for them. It derived from the shape of the stamen, which to their eyes resembled the beak of a crane or “kran”.

Whatever the Pilgrims called them, they certainly did not serve them up as cranberry sauce. That wasn’t invented until after World War I when the Ocean Spray Company developed the dish as a way to expand sales. In those years, cranberries were strictly a seasonal item, selling only around Thanksgiving. The sauce, and further expansion into muffins and juices, turned the crop into a year-round proposition.

Cranberries are grown extensively in New Jersey and the Pacific Northwest. But in the public mind, they are forever linked with Massachusetts. This town in the bogs south of Plymouth is the center of the state’s cranberry belt. The Edaville Railroad, a narrow-gauge line which was built to haul cranberries from the scattered bogs to a central shipping point, now serves as a sightseeing attraction. The town itself was named for John Carver, first governor of the Plymouth Colony.

Events: Train tours of the cranberry bogs, views of harvesting, food booths, crafts displays, country fair, entertainment.

Comment

harvest — урожай, сбор (ягод)

assumption — предположение

cranberries — клюква

Thanksgiving — День благодарения (американский праздник)

settler — поселенец

ward off scurvy — предотвращать цингу

fenberries — мелкая клюква; морошка

swampland = fen — болото, топь

borrow — заимствовать

Dutch — голландский

derive — происходить

stamen — тычинка (бот.)

beak of a crane — клюв журавля

the Pilgrims — пилигримы, первые поселенцы

muffin — сдоба, булочка

proposition — предложение

link — связывать

bog — болото, трясина

narrow-gauge line — узкоколейка

haul — перевозить

scattered — разбросанный

ship — отправлять, перевозить груз

Practice

I.Answer the questions:

1. What town is the center of Massachusetts’ cranberry belt?

2. Who is the town named for?

3. When were cranberries served for the first time?

4. What did the Pilgrims call cranberries?

5. How are cranberries traditionally served?

6. What Massachusetts’ event is dedicated to cranberries?

II. Circle Right or Wrong and justify your answer by the text:

1. The fruit was well known to the local Indians. (R/W)

2. Cranberries are usually grown on hills. (R/W)

3. The British settlers ate cranberries to ward off colds. (R/W)

4. The British borrowed the Dutch name for cranberries. (R/W)

5. The name for cranberries derived from the shape of the pistil. (R/W)

6. At first, cranberries were strictly a seasonal item. (R/W)

7. A narrow-gauge line turned the crop into a year-round proposition. (R/W)

8. A central shipping point serves as a sightseeing attraction. (R/W)

III. Insert prepositions where necessary:

1. Cranberries were served ... the first Thanksgiving feast ... Plymouth.

2. The British ate them to ward ... scurvy.

3. The Pilgrims called ... them fenberries because they were grown ... swampland.

4. The name derived ... the shape ... the stamen.

5. ... the public mind, cranberries are forever linked ... Massachusetts.

IV. Give the Russian equivalents:

a reasonable assumption to their eyes

to resemble the beak of a crane

to develop the dish as a way to expand sales

to be strictly a seasonal item

further expansion into muffins and juices

a year-round proposition

to serve as a sightseeing attraction

V. Translate these verbs and nouns into Russian:

to serve	service, servant
to borrow	borrowing
to derive	derivation
to resemble	resemblance
to invent	invention, inventor
to develop	development, developer
to expand	expansion
to propose	proposition, proposal
to attract	attraction
to govern	government, governor

VI. Give the English equivalents:

разумное предположение

называть в честь к-л

форма тычинки

напоминать клюв журавля

узкоколейка

перевозить груз

булочка

предотвращать цингу

болото

VII. Debate Club.

Cranberries are very popular in Russia, which is rich in swampland. Exchange some recipes containing cranberries as an ingredient.

International Horseradish Festival

Collinsville, Illinois

This is not an event for the most delicate of palates or sensitive of noses. The pungent tuber which we call horseradish was imported to southern Illinois by German immigrants in the mid-nineteenth century. It was so popular in their homeland that the condiment was referred to by the French as “German mustard.”

The original English translation was something more like “coarse radish,” because of the bristly exterior of the plant. Over the years, common usage turned it into “horse”. Since the early 1900s, the origin of the term has been further confused by its use as a strong expression of disbelief that substitutes for a cruder word (which also begins with “horse”).

Demand for horseradish shoots up in early spring when it is one of the staples of the traditional seder meal during the Jewish observance of Passover. It is eaten on matzoh as a symbol of the bitterness of slavery in Egypt.

About 60 per cent of the national crop is grown in the Collinsville area, which bills itself as the “Horseradish Capital of America”. The primary support of the local agricultural economy, horseradish has been celebrated in this festival since 1988.

Events: Cooking contests, root tossing competition, horseradish eating contest, 5K run.

Comment

horseradish — хрен

palate — нёбо; вкус

pungent — едкий, острый

tuber — клубень

condiment — приправа

mustard — горчица

“coarse radish” — “шершавая” редиска

because of — из-за

bristly — колючий, щетинистый

confuse — путать

disbelief — неверие, недоверие

substitute for — заменять

crude — грубый

demand — спрос, потребность

shoot up — быстро расти

staple — основной продукт

Seder — седер (праздник)

Jewish — еврейский

Passover — еврейская пасха

matzoh — маца (пресный хлеб)

5К run — бег на 5 км

Practice

I. Answer the questions:

1. Who brought horseradish to the United States?

2. When did it happen?

3. What did the French call the condiment?

4. What is the etymology of the name?

5. Is it in great demand all the year round?

6. What does horseradish symbolize for Jewish people during the Seder?

7. Since when has this vegetable had its own festival in Illinois?

II. Draw lines to match the adjective to the noun:

delicate tuber

sensitive mustard

pungent radish

German exterior

coarse palate

bristly usage

common nose

III. Translate into English, paying special attention to the prepositions:

происхождение термина

заменитель более грубого слова

спрос на хрен

горечь рабства

IV. Fill the blanks with the proper phrasal verb. Change the form if necessary:

begin with; shoot up; refer to; turn into; substitute for

1. The condiment......... by the French as “German mustard”.

2. “Horseradish” may a cruder word.

3. Demand for horseradish in early spring.

4. Over the years, common usage ... it ... “horse”.

5. The cruder word also “horse”.

V. Circle the letter corresponding to the right answer:

1. The original English translation of the plant was:

a) “fox radish”

b) “cow radish”

c) “coarse radish”

2. The exterior of horseradish is:

a) smooth

b) bristly

c) rough

3. Horseradish eaten on matzoh is a symbol of:

a) unhappy love

b) poverty

c) the bitterness of slavery in Egypt

4. Collinsville bills itself as:

a) the “Agricultural Capital of America”

b) the “Jewish Capital of America”

c) the “Horseradish Capital of America”

VI. Do the crossword puzzle:

1. Jewish Passover bread

2. Jewish Easter

3. Opposite of sweet

4. Another word for a religious holiday

5. Something that happens

6. A season of the year

7. Something that grows

8. A pungent spice

9. Salt, pepper or mustard

10. The state where Collinsville is located

11. Part of the name of a pungent tuber

VII. Debate Club.

Discuss the observance of religious festivals (Christmas, Easter, Trinity, etc.) in this country. What happens on those days?

International Rice Festival

Crowley, Louisiana

Pat Crowley was a section foreman on the Southern Pacific Railroad as it extended its tracks west from Lafayette in the 1880s. Residents of this area persuaded Crowley that if he could contrive to send the tracks on a very slight jog through the middle of their town they would name the place for him. He did and the town kept its promise.

It is estimated that one-quarter of all the rice grown in the United States comes from fields within fifty miles of this seat of Acadia Parish. The Cajun farmers had to be convinced to try this crop, though. While the low-lying watery prairies of this part of Louisiana are ideal for growing rice, the farmers laid out their farms along the streams, instead. When they were persuaded to switch to rice, which involves flooding the fields for about three months, the local economy took off.

Crowley today is a town in which almost every aspect of life is related to rice. There are several mills in the town itself and an experimental station on the western outskirts. Both of them may be visited with advance arrangements through the local chamber of commerce.

Events: Parades, traditional music, street dancing, entertainment.

Comment

section foreman — мастер участка

extend (the railroad) track — тянуть, удлинять железнодорожный путь

persuade — убеждать

contrive — ухитряться, придумывать

slight jog — небольшое изменение направления

keep the promise — сдержать обещание

estimate — оценивать, подсчитывать

convince — убеждать

crop — сельскохозяйственная культура

laid out their farms — зд. построили фермы

switch to rice — переключиться, заняться выращиванием риса

flood — затоплять

economy took off — экономика испытала взлет, подъем

mill — мельница, дробилка

outskirts — окраина

advance arrangements — предварительная договоренность

chamber of commerce — торговая палата

Practice

I. Answer the questions:

1. Why was the town named for Crowley?

2. Where does one-quarter of all the rice grown in the United States come from?

3. What conditions are ideal for growing rice?

4. What is Crowley famous for today?

5. What procedure should be observed for visiting Crowley’s mills and experimental station?

II. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Pat Crowley was a manager on the Southern Pacific Railroad.

2. The Southern Pacific Railroad extended its tracks north from Lafayette in the 1980s.

3. Residents of the area promised to name the place for Crowley if he planted a lot of trees.

4. The Cajun farmers had to be convinced to try the crop.

5. The low-lying, watery prairies of Louisiana are not suitable for growing rice.

6. Growing rice involves flooding the fields for about five months.

7. Every aspect of life in Crowley is related to corn.

8. There are no mills in the town itself; they are located on the southern outskirts.

9. The town mills may be visited at any time.

III. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

section foreman the town kept its promise

very slight jog to visit with advance arrangements

local chamber of commerce the local economy took off

IV. Insert prepositions:

1. Pat Crowley was a section foreman ... the Southern Pacific Railroad.

2. Residents ... the area wanted Crowley to send the tracks ... a very slight jog ... the middle ... their town.

3. One-quarter ... all the rice grown ... the United States comes ... fields ... fifty miles ... this seat... Acadia Parish.

4. The farmers laid ... their farms ... the streams.

5. When the farmers were persuaded to switch ... rice, the local economy took ....

6. Both mills and an experimental station ... the western outskirts may be visited ... advance arrangements ... the local chamber ... commerce.

V. Translate these verbs and nouns into Russian:

extend extension

replace replacement

promise promise

estimate estimation

unite union

switch switch

relate relation

visit visitor

arrange arrangement

VI. Give English equivalents of the phrases below:

сдержать обещание

строить фермы

заняться выращиванием риса

местная экономика испытала подъем

посещать по предварительной договоренности

торговая палата

удлинять железнодорожный путь

VII. DescribetheInternationalRiceFestival.

Corn Palace Festival

Mitchell, South Dakota

When the citizens of this community inquired how much it would take to hire John Philip Sousa’s band to play for a week, his manager told them that they couldn’t afford it. They persisted. $7,000, Sousa’s representative wired back, thinking that would stop the nonsense. In 1904, that was more than most musicians made in a year. But Mitchell guaranteed that amount, even delivering it in cash to a dubious Sousa when he arrived by train.

The appearance of the renowned bandmaster, and the publicity he received for performing in this far-flung outpost for a solid week, elevated the Corn Palace Festival into a major American event. It had started in 1892 as a way for civic boosters to get Mitchell some publicity and show off the richness of its soil. The town was then and still remains at the center of the Midwest’s most productive corn belt. The farms of eastern South Dakota pace the country in terms of productivity.

The festival worked so well that for a time a statewide movement tried to get the capital transferred here from Pierre. That plan fell short, but the Corn Palace kept getting bigger. It started out as a rather plain building that was easily adorned. But the present structure, a Moorish fantasy of domes and minarets, is covered with some three thousand bushels of com and grass in the harvest season. Much of it is dyed and arranged to form designs, with each festival having a different theme. During the rest of the year, the Palace, which seats about 4,500 people, is used for civic and athletic functions.

Events: Name entertainment, carnival agricultural displays and demonstrations.

Comment

inquire — спрашивать, наводить справки

hire — нанимать

John Philip Sousa — Джон Филип Суза (1854—1932), композитор и дирижер, автор 136 маршей. Его называли королем маршей.

afford — позволить себе

persist — упорствовать, настойчиво продолжать

wire — телеграфировать

dubious — сомневающийся

renowned — прославленный, знаменитый

far-flung — обширный

outpost — отдаленное поселение

elevate — возводить, сооружать

civic booster — патриоты города

show off — подчеркивать, хвастать

corn — кукуруза, маис

расе — задавать темп, лидировать

fall short — не достичь цели

adorn — украшать

Moorish — мавританский

bushel — бушель (мера емкости, примерно 36,3 л)

harvest — урожай

dye — красить, окрашивать

name entertainment — эстрадный концерт с участием знаменитостей

Practice

I. Answer the questions:

1. What were the citizens of this community eager to pay for?

2. Did Mitchell manage to pay $7,000 in cash?

3. Why did John Philip Sousa receive publicity?

4. What kind of place was Mitchell?

5. What helped to elevate the Corn Palace Festival into a major American event?

6. Was the capital of South Dakota transferred from Pierre to Mitchell?

7. What is the present structure of the Corn Palace like?

8. What is the seating capacity of the Palace?

9. What is it used for during the rest of the year?

II. Match the words similar in meaning:

community orchestra

citizen sum

richness village

band banknote

function advertising

amount resident

cash wealth

publicity earth

soil grain

dome event

corn cupola

III. Write nouns from each of these verbs and translate them:

inquire inquiry

manage _

persist ___

represent _

deliver

arrive _

appear _

receive _

perform _

elevate __

remain _

produce _

move __

arrange _

IV. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Жители поселка хотели нанять оркестр Дж.Сузы.

2. Они поинтересовались, сколько это будет стоить.

3. Менеджер утверждал, что они не смогут себе это позволить.

4. Жители Митчелла доставили наличные деньги сомневающемуся Сузе.

5. Выступление в отдаленном поселке прибавило популярности музыканту.

6. Фестиваль поднялся до уровня важного американского события.

7. Фермерские хозяйства Южной Дакоты лидируют в стране по производительности труда.

8. Одно время планировался переезд столицы штата из Пьерра, но план провалился.

9. В остальное время дворец вместимостью 4,5 тысячи человек используется для проведения городских и спортивных мероприятий.

V. Try to unscramble the words:

Iiccv civic kewe

raey hcas

mdeo opst

nocr dabn

lois ffraod

VI. Debate Club.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the recent ly built Ice Palace (or some other sports and entertainments facility in your city/town). Do you think it is efficient?

Cereal City Festival

Battle Creek, Michigan

The Seventh-Day Adventists grew up in New England in the 1840s. They were an offshoot of the millenarian movement of the times, sects predicting the imminent end of the world. Many of the faithful even climbed mountains on a designated day to await the end while closer to heaven. When life went on, the followers of these teachings decided, instead, to emphasize better living habits on earth. Temperance and a meatless diet were part of the plan.

The Adventists were the most successful of these groups and found a large body of converts in Michigan. Eventually, the church moved its headquarters to Battle Creek and many of its adherents relocated in the area. Among them was the Kellogg family. Dr. John

H. Kellogg was a brilliant physician, who combined accepted medical practice with his vegetarian beliefs. He became director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, run by the Adventists, and by 1894 was serving many of the cereal products he had devised to the guests. The tastiest was cornflakes.

By 1900, the Kelloggs had revolutionized the American breakfast. The introduction of their products coincided with the mass movement from farms to cities. Commuting factory workers no longer had time for a massive meat-and-eggs country breakfast. These fast and nutritional breakfast foods answered a demographic need as well as a dietary one.

Kellogg’s remains a major influence in the city’s life, and a statue of its corporate symbol, Tony the Tiger, on the factory grounds is a local landmark. The name Kellogg appears throughout the community, as the family’s philanthropic foundation has endowed the city with many of its cultural facilities. Among them is the Leila Arboretum, an excellent display garden named for the mother of the Kellogg brothers.

Events: The world’s largest breakfast table is extended for half a mile through downtown and 40,000 visitors are served bowls of cereal, along with doughnuts, milk, and coffee. Costumed figures representing breakfast food advertising symbols walk around the streets. Other activities are a strawberry festival, raft race, beauty pageant, and two parades.

Comment

cereal — зерновая культура, злак

The Seventh-Day Adventists — адвентисты седьмого дня

offshoot — ответвление

millenarian — относящийся к тысячелетнему царству Христа

predict — предсказывать

imminent end of the world — близкий конец света

on a designated day — в назначенный день

heaven — небеса

temperance — умеренность (особенно в еде и употреблении спиртных напитков)

convert — новообращенный (рел.)

adherent — приверженец, последователь

physician — врач, целитель serve — подавать на стол

devise — изобретать, придумывать c

ornflakes — кукурузные хлопья

coincide — совпадать

commuting workers — жители пригорода, работающие в городе

nutritional — питательный

factory grounds — территория фабрики

community — городок, населенный пункт

endow — вносить вклад, материально обеспечивать

cultural facilities — учреждения культуры

doughnut — пончик, пышка

raft — плот

Practice

I. Answer the following questions:

1. What connection exists between the Cereal City Festival in Battle Creek and the Seventh-Day Adventists?

2. What kinds of cereal do you know?

3. When was the American breakfast revolutionized? And by whom?

4. What remains a major influence in the city’s life?

5. How many people can sit down to the world’s largest breakfast table in Battle Creek?

II. Check the correct box:

1. The action takes place:

□ in Texas

□ in Battle Creek

□ in Canada

2. The Adventists predicted:

□ the imminent end of the world

□ starvation

□ an earthquake

3. The main part of the Adventists’ plan was:

□ cultivation of exotic plants

□ a campaign against the Indians

□ temperance and a meatless diet

4. Dr. John H. Kellogg combined accepted medical practice with:

□ his ability to predict future events

□ his talent as a singer

□ his vegetarian beliefs

5. The fast and nutritional breakfast food answered:

□ the political situation in the country

□ a demographic need

□ the status of the citizens

III. Give the Russian equivalents:

an offshoot of the millenarian movement

to emphasize better living habits on earth

a massive meat-and-eggs country breakfast

a statue of the corporal symbol

a local landmark

IV. Arrange the broken sentences:

1. in/England/New/the/Adventists/grew/the/up/in/ 1840s.

2.climbed/day/to/await/the/many/mountains/on/ of/world/designated/the/of/end/faithful/а/the.

3. adherents/family/relocated/the/in/Kellogg/the/ was/area/among/the.

4.a/extended/breakfast/table/the/through/world’s/

is/for/ mile/half/largest/downtown.

V. Complete the sentences using the text:

1. Kellogg was director of ... .

2. He was serving.....

3. The tastiest was ....

4. The introduction of the cereal products ... .

5. 40,000 visitors are served ....

VI. Describe the Cereal City Festival celebration.

VII. Debate Club.

Compare Russian and American breakfasts. Which is healthier? And why?

Garlic Festival

Gilroy, California

From a seasoning known for leaving a diner with breath so foul it could end marriages, garlic suddenly turned into the miracle drug of the 1990s. Doctors advocated its use to treat high cholesterol, fight many kinds of cancer, lower blood pressure, and enhance the immune system. It also kept vampires away. Cornell University Medical School, in New York City, set up a Garlic Hot Line to answer questions about it, and garlic pills, popular for many years in Germany and Japan, broke strongly into the American market.

Some food historians feel that medical science was simply catching up to the wisdom of the ancients. Garlic was used as an all-purpose cure in the Egypt of the Pharaohs and in China. As recently as 1900 it was employed in the treatment of tuberculosis, cholera, and typhus. The bulb contains a cysteine, the benefits of which are still being explored. Louis Pasteur found in 1858 that it killed certain bacteria, and many doctors now prescribe it for early symptoms of a cold or flu.

There are those killjoys, however, who point out that its smell is very bad and lingers for days. The Japanese tried to come up with an odorless variety in 1987, but purists scoffed. One chef who had exhibited his garlic dishes many times at this festival responded: “Garlic without the smell is like going to bed with your shoes on.”

Gilroy is regarded as the garlic capital of the nation. Growing conditions in California’s coastal climate are almost ideal, and garlic has been the major local crop since the end of the nineteenth century. The festival, celebrated since 1979, is not a place for the sensitive of smell. But chefs come from as far away as Paris to compete in the cooking competition here. Food booths featuring garlic in everything from oysters to pizza stretch on for several blocks.

Events: Food displays and competitions using garlic, entertainment, cooking demonstrations.

Comment

garlic — чеснок

seasoning — приправа

foul — дурно пахнущий, вонючий

drug — лекарство

treat — лечить

cancer — рак

blood pressure — кровяное давление

enhance — усиливать, укреплять

set up — учреждать

break into — врываться

catch up — уловить, понять ч-л

wisdom — мудрость

the ancients — древние народы

all-purpose cure — универсальное лекарство; панацея

as recently as 1900 — зд. еще в 1900 г.

bulb — зд. головка чеснока

cysteine — цистеин (аминокислота)

Louis Pasteur — Луи Пастер (1822—1895), французский ученый, основоположник современной микробиологии и иммунологии

prescribe — прописывать (лекарство)

killjoy — брюзга (человек, отравляющий другим удовольствие)

odorless — лишенный запаха, непахнущий

scoff — насмехаться, издеваться

chef — шеф-повар

crop — сельскохозяйственная культура

oyster — устрица

Practice

I. Answer the questions below:

1. Which seasoning turned into a miracle drug?

2. Why do doctors advocate the use of garlic?

3. What was a Garlic Hot Line set up for?

4. Have garlic pills been popular in Germany and Japan for many years?

5. When and where was garlic used as an all-purpose cure?

6. What are the benefits of a cysteine?

7. What do many doctors prescribe it for?

8. Who tried to come out with an odorless variety of garlic?

9. What is garlic without the smell, according to one chef?

10. Why is Gilroy regarded as the garlic capital of the nation?

II. Find English equivalents of the following expressions:

неприятный запах чудо-лекарство

снижать холестерин бороться с раком

снижать кровяное давление укреплять иммунную систему

отгонять вампиров открыть «горячую линию»

пробиться на рынок

III. Fill the blanks with proper forms of the phrasal verbs and translate the sentences:

be known for catch up to keep away set up

break into come up with point out turn into

1. Garlic.........leaving a diner with foul breath.

2. Suddenly, garlic the miracle drug of the 1990s.

3. Also, garlic can ... vampires ....

4. CU Medical School a Hot Line to answer questions about garlic.

5. Finally, garlic pills ... strongly ... the American market.

6. Medical science ... simply.........the wisdom of the ancients.

7. There are some killjoys who that garlic smells very bad and the smell lingers for days.

8. The Japanese tried to.........an odorless variety of garlic.

IV. Match the broken phrases:

turn into many kinds of cancer

foul blood pressure

treat vampires

fight breath

lower the American market

enhance the wisdom of the ancients

keep away an odorless variety of garlic

break into the miracle drug

catch up to the immune system

come up with high cholesterol

V. Unscramble the words:

dofo food raeoclh _

hefc _ cenacr _

icragl _ obldo _

lode _ theabr _

yuspth lipl _

VI. Debate Club.

“Garlic is a panacea for life’s ills.” Can you challenge this statement? Go to the Internet and learn more about this miracle drug, starting with the Pharaohs in Egypt. Don’t overlook the discovery of Louis Pasteur in 1858. How do you feel about garlic?

Maple Sugar Festival

St. Albans, Vermont

To the connoisseur, Vermont’s tradition of making maple syrup compares to that of France in making wine. Both call for a mix of science and instinct, a knowledge of nature’s timing that cannot be taught but only learned after many seasons in the fields.

When the daytime temperatures reach forty degrees while the nights are still in the twenties, it is generally regarded as the optimum time for opening the taps in the maple trees. The sap is then flowing at its best. The metal device, called a spile, siphons off the sap into buckets. It usually takes forty gallons of sap to produce one gallon of syrup.

The quality of the syrup depends on what happens in the sugar-house during the boiling process. Most consumers prefer a lighter amber-colored syrup, which is called a shallow boil, and that is the most difficult to time properly. Too light, and the taste is very thin. Too dark, and a touch of caramel creeps in. It takes a master’s touch, and most of Vermont’s sugarmakers undergo specialized training, sharpening their palates with taste while they are blindfolded. The state leads the nation in maple syrup production.

Events: Sugar-house parties, sugar tasting, wood-chopping contests, antiques shows, craft fair.

Comment

maple — клен

connoisseur — знаток (фр.)

call for — требовать

forty degrees — 40° по Фаренгейту (или +4,5° по Цельсию)

tap — пробка, затычка

sap — сок (растения)

spile — выводная трубка (желоб), используемая при подсечке дерева

bucket — ведро

gallon — галлон (мера жидких и сыпучих тел; англ. = 4,54 л;

амер. = 3,78 л)

quality — качество

depend on — зависеть

sugar-house — сахарный завод

consumer — потребитель

amber — янтарь

shallow boil — поверхностное кипение

time — рассчитать (время)

touch — привкус

creep in — зд. примешиваться

it takes a master’s touch — требуется высокое мастерство

sharpen — обострять

palate — нёбо, вкус

blindfold(ed) — с завязанными глазами

wood-chopping — рубка дров

Practice

I. Answer the questions:

1. What does Vermont’s tradition of making maple syrup call for?

2. What is a spile?

3. What does the quality of the syrup depend on?

4. What syrup is called a shallow boil?

5. Why do Vermont’s sugarmakers undergo specialized training?

II. Check the correct box:

1. Vermont’s tradition of making maple syrup can be compared to:

□ that of making jam nothing

□ French tradition of making wine

2. The optimum time for opening the taps in the maple trees is:

□ 20° above zero,С (centigrade/Celsius)

□ 40° above zero,F (Fahrenheit)

□ 5° below zero,С (centigrade/Celsius)

3. To produce one gallon of syrup you need:

□ one gallon of wine

□ two gallons of sap

□ forty gallons of sap

4. Most consumers prefer:

□ a lighter amber-colored syrup

□ a dark syrup with a touch of caramel

□ a viscous syrup

5. Many sugarmakers sharpen their palates by tasting while they are:

□ thirsty

□ blindfolded 0 hungry

III. Give the Russian equivalents:

a connoisseur a mix of science and instinct

knowledge a device

a bucket a sugar-house

to produce a boiling process

a touch of caramel a master’s touch

a sugarmaker to sharpen

IV. Give antonyms for these adjectives:

light dark

shallow _

difficult _

thin _

blind _

usual _

proper _

V. Give synonyms for these verbs:

reach get to

call _

produce __

happen _

undergo _

prefer _

train _

lead _

flow _

make _

VI. Unscramble the words:

merab amber

elifd _

lampe _

atulyqi _

cekubt _

VII. Insert prepositions:

1. Both traditions call ... a mix ... science and instinct.

2. A knowledge ... nature’s timing is necessary ... a sugarmaker.

3. This knowledge cannot be taught but only learned ... many seasons the ... fields.

4. The daytime temperature reaching forty degrees is regarded as the optimum time ... opening the taps ... the maple trees.

5. A spile siphons ... the sap ... buckets.

6. The quality ... the syrup depends ... what happens ... the sugar-house ... the boiling process.

VIII. Translate these sentences into English:

1. По мнению знатоков, традицию изготовления кленового сиропа в Вермонте можно сравнить с традицией виноделия во Франции.

2. Это искусство, которому нельзя научить, но можно научиться.

3. Специалисты знают наиболее подходящее время для сбора сока и учитывают как дневную, так и ночную температуру воздуха.

4. Для производства одного галлона сиропа требуется сорок галлонов сока.

5. Качество сиропа зависит от того, что происходит на сахарном заводе в процессе варки.

6. Сироп может быть светлым или темным. От этого меняется его вкус.

7. Для производства кленового сиропа требуется высокое мастерство.

8. Специалисты, прошедшие специальную подготовку, могут с завязанными глазами определить лучший вид сиропа.

XI. Debate Club.

Describe the maple syrup production process. Do you have anything like that in your country/region/area? Tell your classmates about it.

HISTORIC PERSONS

Gasparilla Pirate Invasion

Tampa, Florida

Jose Gaspar assuredly left his mark on Florida’s Gulf Coast. In a career that presumably extended over more than thirty years, the onetime Spanish naval captain who called himself “Little Gaspar” established a remarkable standard for piracy.

By his own account, a diary retrieved from the government archives in Madrid, Gasparilla sank thirty-six ships in eleven years after going bad in 1784. From his base on an island that is still known as Gasparilla, he raided with impunity across the Straits of Florida. But where historical truth departs from legend, no one can say with any accuracy.

Between the end of the American Revolution and its cession to the United States in 1821, Florida was a Spanish possession. Spain simply had too much territory to police in its American empire to bother much about this obscure corner. So a freebooter such as Gasparilla could have enjoyed a free hand in this area.

But much of the Gasparilla lore came down from a man named Juan Gomez, who claimed to be his brother-in-law. Gomez also claimed to be 117 years old when he died around 1900. He wove tales of Gasparilla capturing a Spanish princess and having her beheaded when she refused his advances. Captiva Island, which is just south of Gasparilla Island, got its name, according to these stories, because that is where the pirate stashed female prisoners. But it was known as Captiva on Spanish maps before his career even began. There are also discrepancies about the date of his death; by some accounts it happened in 1814 and by others not until Florida was under American rule in 1821. Both stories say that Gasparilla, who must have been quite a superannuated buccaneer by then, avoided capture by wrapping an anchor around his body and leaping into the sea.

Such an extended career exceeds the life expectancy of most pirates. It may well be that Gasparilla was a composite of several sea wolves who sailed these waters. Nonetheless, Tampa has adopted the roguish Jose Caspar as its own. Every February since 1904 it has been fancifully captured by his “pirate” band, made up of some of Tampa’s most prominent citizens. This pirate crew is the central part of the monthlong festival, a beloved part of the city’s life. Even Tampa’s professional football team is known as the Buccaneers. Though Gasparilla’s career may be a mite exaggerated, he is still a bigger-than-life personality in Tampa.

Events: The highlight of the observance begins with the pirate landing along the bayfront. Balls, athletic competitions, and other parades continue for several weeks, with members of the pirate crew in attendance.

Comment

invasion — нашествие, набег

onetime — бывший

by his own account — согласно его записям

diary — дневник

retrieve from — доставать, изымать, извлекать

after going bad — зд. после того, как стал пиратом

with impunity — безнаказанно accuracy — точность

cession — передача (прав на Флориду Соединенным Штатам)

possession — владение

bother about — беспокоиться

obscure corner — глухой уголок

freebooter — грабитель, пират

a free hand — свобода действий

lore — сведения, легенды, предания

weave (wove, woven) tales — придумывать, сочинять истории

behead — обезглавливать

refuse one’s advances — отвергать ухаживания

stash — зд. держать, прятать

superannuated buccaneer — престарелый пират

by then — к тому времени

anchor — якорь

life expectancy — средняя продолжительность жизни

it may well be that — вполне возможно

adopted as its own — приняла как родного

roguish — жуликоватый, плутоватый

a mite exaggerated — несколько преувеличена

highlight — центральный момент

Practice

I. Check the correct box. Justify your choice by a quotation from the text:

1. This text is about:

□ a policeman

□ a prince

□ a buccaneer

□ a soldier

2. Jose Gaspar was:

□ American

□ British

□ Cuban Spanish

3. Gasparilla is:

□ the name of a man

□ the name of an island

□ the name of a village

□ the name of a band

II. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Jose Gaspar left his mark on Florida’s Gulf Coast.

2. Gaspar’s career extended over more than ten years.

3. He sank twenty-six ships.

4. Till 1721, Florida was a Spanish possession.

5. The pirate stashed female prisoners on Captiva Island.

6. Gasparilla avoided capture by wrapping an anchor around his body and leaping into the sea.

7. Tampa didn’t want to adopt Jose Gaspar as its own.

8. The pirate crew, made up of Tampa’s most prominent citizens, is the central part of the week-long festival.

9. Tampa’s professional ice-hockey team is known as the Buccaneers.

10. Gasparilla is a bigger-than-life personality in New

York.

III. Make up sentences using the following words and expressions:

to establish a standard for piracy

to enjoy a free hand in this area

to raid with impunity

to exceed the life expectancy

a beloved part of the city’s life

the highlight of the observance

IV. Match the words in column A to their opposites in column B:

A
bad	Fast
Simple	Complex
Female	Short
Long	Good
Old	Male
Slow	Young
Hard	Soft
Honest	Narrow
wide	roguish

V. Unscramble the words:

rycaip piracy

lanisd _

renorc _

conahr _

elif _

ratucpe __

repime _

VI. Draw lines to match the equivalents:

безнаказанно to weave tales

сочинять истории to refuse one’s advances

сильно беспокоиться with impunity

говорить с точностью a superannuated buccaneer

отвергать ухаживания to bother much

средняя продолжительность жизни life expectancy

престарелый пират to say with any accuracy

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. Who was “Little Gaspar”?

2. Where was Gaspar’s base?

3. What town adopted the roguish pirate as its own?

4. What is the central part of the festival devoted to Gasparilla?

5. What does the highlight of the observance begin with?

6. When does the festival take place?

VIII. Debate Club.

Talk about the events of the festival — a beloved part of Tampa’s life.

Annie Oakley Days

Greenville, Ohio

The song was wrong. You can get a man with a gun. And just about everything else too. The life of Annie Oakley is testimony to that.

She was the top show-woman of the late nineteenth century. Her tours with Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show astonished audiences across North America and Europe. It seemed that there was no feat of marksmanship that could not be performed by this young woman from Ohio. She could hit improbably tiny targets from the back of a galloping horse. She could shoot the pips from a playing card tossed in the air before it could flutter to the ground. She bested Frank Butler, the shooting star of Pawnee Bill’s rival show, and later married him — the basis of Irving Berlin’s famous musical “Annie, Get Your Gun”.

She was born as Phoebe Mozee (Annie and Oakley were middle names) in 1860 at the nearby village of North Star. After her career was ended in a near-fatal train wreck in 1901, she returned to Greenville to spend the last twenty five years of her life in retirement. But her hometown recalls its favorite gunslinger each summer.

The Garst Museum in Greenville has displays relating to the career of Annie Oakley. She left her prizes and mementoes of her fabulous career to the museum.

Events: Shooting contests, balloon rallies, old-time melodramas, parade.

Comment

The song was wrong. You can get a man with a gun — речь идет о популярной песенке “You Can’t Get a Man with a Gun” из мюзикла Ирвинга Берлина “Annie, Get Your Gun”

testimony — доказательство

Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show — шоу Буффало Билла “Дикий Запад”

feat — проявление ловкости, искусства

marksmanship — меткая стрельба

pip — очко (в картах)

toss — кидать, подбрасывать

best — взять верх над к-л

rival — соперник, конкурент

IrvingBerlin — Ирвинг Берлин (1888 — 1989), крупнейший американский композитор-песенник, автор второго — неофициального — гимна “Да благословит бог Америку”

middle name — второе имя

wreck — крушение

retirement — зд. уединение

gunslinger — (профессиональный) стрелок

mementoes — напоминания

fabulous — фантастический, невероятный

shootingcontests — соревнования по стрельбе

balloonrallies — гонки на аэростатах (воздушных шарах)

Practice

I. Answer the questions:

1. What is Annie Oakley famous for?

2. Where did she give her shows?

3. What were her feats of marksmanship?

4. Whom did she best?

5. Where and when was she born?

6. Why was her career ended?

7. Where did she spend her last twenty-five years?

8. How do people recall the famous gunslinger?

II. Give the Russian equivalents:

a testimony to a top show-woman

to astonish the audience a feat of marksmanship

to hit tiny targets a near-fatal train wreck

to spend some years in retirement

III. Match the synonyms:

to amaze proof

to carry out to return

very small to perform

to come back tiny

testimony to astonish

IV. Insert prepositions where necessary:

1. Annie Oakley was the top show-woman ... the late nineteenth century.

2. Her tours astonished ... audiences ... North America and Europe.

3. There was no feat ... marksmanship that could not be performed ... this woman.

4. She could hit ... improbably tiny targets.

5. She could shoot the pips ... a playing card tossed ... the air before it could flutter ... the ground.

6. She bested ... Frank Butler.

7. Annie Oakley returned ... Greenville to spend the last years ... her life ... retirement.

V. Complete the sentences, developing the ideas given in the text:

1. Annie Oakley was the top ... .

2. There was no feat of marksmanship ....

3. This woman bested Frank Butler and later ... .

4. Their marriage became the basis of ... .

5. Her career was ended in ... .

6. Each summer her hometown ... .

VI. Find the English equivalents in the text:

проявление ловкости меткая стрельба

подбрасывать взять верх над к-л

крушение поезда соревнования по стрельбе

гонки на аэростатах опытный стрелок

крошечная мишень фантастическая карьера

VII. Debate Club.

Would Russians think so highly of a gunslinger? Would both younger and older people be of the same opinion on the subject? Do you agree that Russian and American mentalities are poles apart? Prove your opinion.

Chester Greenwood Day

Farmington, Maine

In the winter of 1873, a 15-year-old local boy wanted to go ice skating on a nearby pond. But the whistling Maine wind made it too hard on his ears. Chester Greenwood, struck by an inspiration, fastened two fur pieces together with a metal band and invented the earmuff.

Greenwood patented his invention four years later and, until his death in 1937, manufactured them in Farmington. Greenwood was actually an inventor of wide-ranging interests. He was granted more than one hundred patents, and the Smithsonian Institution voted him one of America’s top fifteen inventors of all time.

Among his other brainstorms were self-priming sparkplugs, airplane shock absorbers, steel archery bows, spring steel rakes, and a mechanical mousetrap. But his earmuffs were enough to secure his place in the warm memories of his hometown.

Events: Parade, old-time vaudeville shows, invention displays.

Comment

pond — пруд whistling — свистящий

made it too hard on his ears — сильно дул ему в уши

struck by an inspiration — осененный идеей

fasten — скреплять

fur pieces — кусочки меха

invent — изобретать

earmuffs — наушники (для защиты от холода или шума) grant a patent — предоставлять патент

Smithsonian Institution — Смитсоновский институт (крупный государственный комплекс культурно-просветительских и научных учреждений) brainstorm — блестящая идея

self-priming sparkplug — самовоспламеняющаяся свеча зажигания

airplane shock absorber — авиационный амортизатор

steel archery bow — стальной лук

spring steel rake — веерные грабли

mousetrap — мышеловка

secure — гарантировать, обеспечивать

Practice

I. Choose the appropriate answer by checking the correct box:

I. The text is: 2. It deals with:

□ a historical document □ studying nature

□ purely fictional □ the power of money

□ informative □ local customs

□ a fairy-tale □ the invention of the earmuff

II. Scan each line to find the word that is essentially opposite in meaning to the key word:

nearby close, free, empty, far, sad, bad

old stupid, cheerful, difficult, gold, young

hard ugly, pretty, clean, tiny, easy, slight

wide big, poor, sweet, narrow, small, shallow

warm dry, happy, blue, fine, rude, cold, strong

III. Fill the blanks with a correct preposition:

1. ... the winter ... 1873, a 15-year-old local boy wanted to go ice skating ... a nearby pond.

2. The whistling wind made it too hard ... his ears.

3. Greenwood, struck ... an inspiration, fastened two fur pieces together ... a metal band.

4. His earmuffs were enough to secure his place ... the warm memories ... his hometown.

IV. Cross out the wrong word:

1. Greenwood was an inventor/a writer.

2. He separated/fastened two silk/fur pieces together with a wooden/metal band and invented the earmuff/ mousetrap.

3. The inventor patented/gave up his invention some years later.

4. Greenwood was granted more than one hundred/ thousand patents.

5. The Smithsonian Institution voted him one of America’s top ten/fifteen inventors of all time.

V. Answer the questions on the text:

1. What did Chester Greenwood invent as a 15-year-old boy?

2. What other Greenwood’s brainstorms are mentioned in the text?

3. How many patents was Greenwood granted?

VI. Translate these sentences into English:

1. Честер Гринвуд изобрел наушники для защиты от холода, когда ему было 15 лет.

2. Он пошел на пруд кататься на коньках.

3. Ветер сильно дул ему в уши.

4. Осененный идеей, он скрепил обручем два кусочка меха и сделал наушники. Это было его первое изобретение.

5. Среди других его изобретений; авиационный амортизатор, стальной лук, механическая мышеловка и др.

6. Честер Гринвуд получил более ста патентов.

VII. Debate Club.

Try to recall some Russian inventors of wide-ranging interests and their inventions. Do you know any one born in your region? Do the townsfolk venerate them?

Tom Sawyer Days

Hannibal, Missouri

The greatest of Mark Twain’s books, if you took a vote of intellectuals, would be “Huckleberry Finn.” If you asked journalists, the winner might be “Life on the Mississippi” or “Roughing It.” But if you inquired among average readers, the easy winner would be “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.”

While Huck was a symbol of the American spirit, always ready to head out for the frontier to find freedom, it was his pal, Tom, who captured the essence of boyhood. Wearing his straw hat, carrying his fishing pole, a gleam of mischief in his eyes which go all gooey at the sight of Becky Thatcher, Tom Sawyer was an immediate hit when he first appeared in 1876, and his popularity never waned.

Twain placed Tom and Huck in an idyllic town called St.Petersburg. It was obviously modeled after his boyhood home of Hannibal, where he grew up as young Samuel Clemens, with the wide Mississippi River at his front door and the deep forest at his back. “Nothing touches this serenity,” Twain’s biographer Bernard De Voto wrote about this portrait of mid-nineteenth-century small-town America. “The steamboats bring pageantry, not pressure from the world outside. The village is ignorant of that world — which is hardly a rumor, hardly a dream.” Tom Sawyer distilled the experiences of boyhood and placed them in the purified village of Twain’s memories. The success of the book brought Twain international fame and a degree of financial comfort, although this was always a struggle for him. He was urged to revive Tom in subsequent books, which he did in “Tom Sawyer Abroad.” While almost unread today, aside from Twain scholars, the book sold so well in early editions that it still ranks seventh in the author’s all-time sales.

The young shrewdness of Tom as he persuades his friends to whitewash Aunt Polly’s fence has become the most endearing episode of “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, the one that defines his character. The ritual whitewashing is a central feature of this celebration of Hannibal’s past and its fictional son.

Samuel Clemens’s boyhood home, built in 1843 and now a museum of his life, is in the middle of Hannibal. Nearby is Mark Twain Cave, scene of many of Tom’s adventures. A sculpture of Tom and Huck stands on the riverfront.

Events: Whitewashing competition, jumping frog contest, tomboy games, Mississippi mud volleyball tournament, fireworks, tours of Hannibal sites associated with Twain and Tom Sawyer.

Comment

“Roughing It” — “Закаленные” (“Огрубевшие”), роман Марка Твена, написанный в 1872 г.

head out for — направиться, отправиться

frontier — фронтир, граница продвижения поселенцев в США

pal — товарищ, приятель

capture the essence of boyhood — воплотить мальчишескую сущность

mischief — озорство, проказы

gooey — сентиментальный

at the sight of — при виде

wane — убывать, уменьшаться

serenity — безмятежность

pageantry — блеск, великолепие

hardly a rumor, hardly a dream — зд. то ли молва, то ли мечта

urge — убеждать, настаивать

subsequent — последующий

aside from — за исключением

scholar — зд. знаток, исследователь творчества

shrewdness — ловкость, находчивость

persuade — убеждать, уговорить

endearing — любимый; увлекательный

fictional son — знаменитый персонаж, живший в этом городе

tomboy — сорванец; девочка с мальчишескими ухватками

Practice

I. Give answers to the following questions:

1. Did you read the listed Mark Twain’s books?

2. What are their Russian titles?

3. Why was Huck regarded as a symbol of the American spirit?

4. When did Tom Sawyer appear first?

5. What is the name of an idyllic town chosen for Tom and Huck by Twain?

6. Where did Mark Twain grow up?

7. Who is Samuel Clemens?

8. What made Twain write “Tom Sawyer Abroad”?

9. What is the most endearing episode of “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”?

II. Find English equivalents of the following expressions:

провести голосование удочка

соломенная шляпа при виде Бекки

хитрые искорки в глазах моментальный успех

принести всемирную известность побелить забор

центральное событие праздника занимать седьмое место

отправиться на Запад в поисках свободы

III. Complete the phrases by drawing lines:

tomboy contest

whitewashing his straw hat

jumping frog gooey

wearing his fishing pole

a gleam games

carrying of mischief

go competition

IV. Match the nouns to the definitions:

intellectual a person who wins a prize, race, or competition

journalist a person who studies an academic subject and knows a lot about it

winner a person who writes for newspapers,

magazines, television, or radio

scholar someone who reads a newspaper, magazine, or book

reader someone who spends a lot of time studying and thinking about complicated ideas

V. Scan each line to find the word opposite in meaning:

spirit humor, body, mind

freedom happiness, misery, slavery

winner player, singer, loser

success popularity, failure, achievement

dream nightmare, nap, reality

VI. Unscramble the words:

ooybmt tomboy _ ogrf _

enfec _ ertcrahca _

mourr _ kobo _

aefm _ oromftc _

mohe _

VII. Debate Club.

Talk about your favorite Mark Twain character.

Calaveras County Fair and Jumping Frog Jubilee

Angels Camp, California

The years that Mark Twain spent as a newspaperman and wanderer in the mining camps of California and Nevada shaped his style. They also led to his first published success, the short story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.” Twain put the action for his 1865 story in Angels Camp, a Gold Rush town that was assuredly not named for the disposition of its inhabitants. It bore the last name of an early miner at the camp. Historian Bernard De Voto has traced published versions of this tale of the frog, so loaded with buckshot that he could not jump in a critical contest, to ten years before Twain’s story appeared. He concluded that it was a well-known frontier legend that Twain enriched with his own wit and sense of the unlikely.

The reception given to his story puzzled and then annoyed the author. In a letter to his mother, he complained: “To think that after writing many an article a man might be excused for thinking tolerably good, those New York people should single out a villainous backwoods sketch to compliment me on!” Nonetheless, the Jumping Frog survives as a well-loved part of the Twain canon. This contest based on the story has been held annually since 1928.

Events: Jumping frog competition, parades, rodeo.

Comment

wanderer — бродяга, странник

mining camp — лагерь золотодобытчиков

short story — рассказ

“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” —

“Знаменитая скачущая лягушка из Калавераса” g

old rush — золотая лихорадка

disposition — характер, нрав i

nhabitant — житель, обитатель

trace — проследить; находить

buckshot — картечь

wit — остроумие

sense of the unlikely — зд. богатая фантазия

puzzle — озадачивать, ставить в тупик

annoy — надоедать, раздражать

complain — жаловаться

single out — выбирать, отбирать

villainous — отвратительный, мерзкий

backwoods — провинциальный

nonetheless — тем не менее

survive — продолжать существовать

canon — список произведений автора; творческое наследие

annually — ежегодно

fireworks — фейерверк

Practice

I. Answer these questions on the text:

1. What was Mark Twain doing in the mining camps of California and Nevada?

2. Which story was his first published success?

3. Where did he put the action for his story?

4. What was the disposition of its inhabitants?

5. Whose name did the town bear?

6. Why couldn’t the frog jump in a critical contest?

7. What did Twain enrich the legend with?

8. Why did the reception of the story puzzle and annoy the author?

9. When and why was the contest disrupted?

II. Find the unnecessary words and cross them out. Translate the sentences:

1. Mark Twain spent some years as far as a newspaperman and wanderer. (2)

2. These years shaped out his style. (1)

3. Twain put the action for about his story in the Angels Camp. (2)

4. It has bore the last name of an early miner at the camp. (1)

5. Historian De Voto has being traced published versions to ten years before Twain’s story appeared. (1)

6. The frog was so very loaded with buckshot that he could not never jump. (2)

7. The reception was given to the story puzzled and then annoyed the author. (1)

III. Match the nouns to their definitions:

Disposition a person who officially enters a competition or institution

inhabitant a person going from place to place with-

out any special purpose or destination

entrant a state of being quite forgotten

oblivion a person’s natural qualities of mind and

character

wanderer a person living in a place

IV. Scan each line to find the word similar in meaning. Learn the new words:

wanderer gardener, stevedore, tramp

last name maiden name, surname, patronymic

ten years biannual, biennial, decade

compliment complement, praise, complain

annoy ignore, reward, upset

puzzle include, confuse, decide

oppose dispose, disagree, propose

V. Search for and circle these words in the grid (20):

action

frog

rules

tent

article

giant

sense

tree

buckshot

miner

story

twist

canon

newspaper

style

version

entrant

opposition

tale

year

Edison Festival of Light

Fort Myers, Florida

As Florida was developed in the 1880s and the extent of its semitropical vegetation became known, one thoughtful man was intrigued by the possibilities. Thomas A. Edison already was world-famous for his work on the electric light when he arrived in Fort Myers in 1885. His Menlo Park laboratory had been in operation for a decade in New Jersey, and from it had poured ideas that astonished the country.

Always on the lookout for new materials to investigate, Edison decided to establish a winter headquarters here. He came with the thought that the wild bamboo growing profusely in the area might provide a better filament for his light bulbs. He was wrong about that, but the work inspired him to set up a botanical laboratory to try to devise uses for other Florida growths.

Financed by his good friends Henry Ford, who built a home right next door to Edison, and Harvey Firestone, the inventor did extensive research on rubber substitutes. The matter was of grave concern to the automotive and tire magnates, as supplies of the material were located in politically unstable areas. Their fears were justified years later when the start of World War II cut off America from its usual rubber sources. Edison, eventually, planted 600 species of plants to work with in his research garden.

He lived long enough to witness the dedication of the Edison Memorial Bridge here in 1931. Four years after his death, lights were added to the structure after cartoonist Robert Ripley pointed out in his syndicated “Believe It Or Not” feature that the bridge named after the inventor of the electric light was not illuminated at night. Ft. Myers has not slighted its most famous resident since. It celebrates his years here with this festival, one of the most popular in the state, with approximately 450,000 people attending each year.

Events: Parade of Light, athletic competitions, dances, sail regatta, street and stage entertainment.

Comment

vegetation — растительность

thoughtful — думающий, вдумчивый

on the lookout — в поисках ч-л

investigate — исследовать

headquarters — штаб-квартира

bamboo — бамбук

filament — нить накала (эл.)

light bulb — электрическая лампа

set up — создать

devise — придумывать, изобретать

next door — по соседству, рядом

rubber substitutes — заменители резины (каучука)

matter of grave concern — очень важное дело

tire — шина

supplies — запасы

species of plants — виды растений

witness — быть свидетелем

dedication — освящение

cartoonist — карикатурист

point out — указывать, обращать внимание

syndicated feature — сенсационный материал (появившийся одновременно во многих газетах)

slight — пренебрегать; игнорировать

sail regatta — парусная регата

Practice

I. Tick the right box:

1. What was Edison’s first name?

□ Robert

□ Robin

□ Thomas

2. What is Thomas Edison world-famous for?

□ his work on plastic substitutes

□ his work on the electric light

his work on hydrogen

3. Where did Edison live before arriving in Fort Myers, Florida?

in New York

□ in New Orleans

□ in New Jersey

4. What inspired Edison to set up a botanical laboratory in Fort Myers?

□ the idea to grow new cereals

the idea to research flora and fauna of Florida

□ the idea to find a better filament for his light bulbs

5. What extensive research did Edison do in his laboratory in Florida financed by his friends?

□ on different Florida growths

□ on the solar system

□ on rubber substitutes

6. When did Edison’s researches on rubber substitutes come in handy?

□ during the American Revolution

□ during the Independence War

□ when World War II started

7. When was the Edison Memorial Bridge in Fort Myers illuminated?

right after his death

□ when the inventor turned 100

□ four years after his death

II. Complete the following sentences:

1. Edison’s Menlo Park laboratory had been ... for ... in New Jersey.

2. The inventor was always ... for new materials ....

3. Edison established ... in Fort Myers.

4. He tried ... uses for many Florida growths in his laboratory.

5. The start of World War II ... America from its ... .

6. Edison ... 600 species of ... to work with in his ... garden.

7. Lights were added to ... four years after ....

8. Ft. Myers has not slighted its ... .

III. Draw lines to match each word below with a synonym. Use these words in your own sentences:

start to construct

to locate to surprise

a decade to set up

to build to function

to establish ten years

to astonish to place

to be in operation beginning

IV. Scan each line to find the word that is essentially opposite in meaning to the key word:

famous terrible, gigantic, wise, unknown

wrong happy, ugly, moral, right, splendid

thoughtful thorough, hungry, thoughtless

wild mellow, comparative, sinful, cultivated

light affair, note, plumber, rum, darkness

night namesake, land, feat, day, net

after but, neither, before, since, that

V. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Томас Эдисон всемирно известен своими исследованиями и открытиями в области электричества.

2. Его зимняя штаб-квартира находилась в городе Форт Майерс, штат Флорида.

3. Эдисон пытался использовать бамбук как нить накаливания для электрической лампы.

4. Он создал для этого ботаническую лабораторию.

5. Кроме того, Эдисон проводил обширные исследования заменителей каучука, что было очень важно для Америки в период Второй мировой войны.

6. В саду у Эдисона было 600 видов растений для проведения исследований.

7. В 1931 году в городе был построен мост, названный в честь знаменитого изобретателя.

8. Эдисон был свидетелем этого события.

9. Хотите верьте, хотите нет, но этот мост не освещался ночью.

10. Только спустя 4 года после смерти Эдисона на мосту появились огни.

VI. Debate Club.

Talk about Edison’s researches and inventions. Then go to the Internet and learn something about his Russian counterparts.

Jim Butler Days

Tonopah, Nevada

In May of 1900, a part-time prospector named Jim Butler wandered into a nearby canyon looking for some runaway burros. He chipped some rock from a shelf because it looked a lot like silver ore. But Butler was too broke to do more than wonder. He didn’t have the money to have the rock assayed, and the local assayer was not handing out any freebies.

Butler was inclined to just let it ride, but a friend convinced him to send the sample up to the school superintendent in Austin, who did a little assaying on the side. The message came back that Butler better get back and file a claim because he had found silver. The superintendent then quit his job and rushed off to Butler’s find, as did the original assayer who had passed on testing the sample. Butler’s wife decided to call his mine Mizpah, a biblical reference to a stone tower that symbolized the Lord’s watchful care. She also came up with the name for Tonopah, the settlement that grew up around the mine, by combining two Shoshone words meaning “greasewood spring.”

Tonopah was a curiously modern sort of mining town, with a brick hotel, telephone exchange, and automobiles in the streets. The Mizpah reached a peak production of $9.5 million in 1907, but began to decline afterwards. Tonopah has managed to hold onto the county seat, though, possibly because it is the only town in the county.

Events: Parade, barbecue, miner competitions, Old West entertainment, chili cook-off, catfish fry, stock car races.

Comment

prospector — золотоискатель

burro — ослик

shelf — выступ; пласт породы

ore — руда

broke — разоренный

assay — пробовать, испытывать (благородные металлы)

freebie — бесплатное удовольствие, на “дармовщинку”

let it ride — пустить на самотек

sample — образец

school superintendent — директор школы

file a claim — оформить заявку (на отвод участка)

quit a job — бросить работу

pass on — вынести (решение)

Lord — Бог

watchful — бдительный

саге — забота

the Shoshone — шошоны (группа племен североамериканских индейцев)

greasewood spring — родник у масляного дерева

curiously — необычайно

telephone exchange — центральная телефонная станция; коммутатор

hold onto the county seat — сохранить статус административного центра округа

cook-off — конкурс поваров

catfish — зубатка

stock car races — гонки на серийных автомобилях

Practice

I. Answer the following questions:

1. Who was Jim Butler?

2. How did he get into a nearby canyon?

3. Why did he chip some rock?

4. Was he rich at that time?

5. Why didn’t he have the rock assayed?

6. What kind of person was the local assayer?

7. What did the school superintendent do on the side?

8. What message came back from Austin?

9. Who gave the name to the mine?

10. What does the name of the settlement mean?

11. When did the Mizpah reach peak production?

12. What happened there after 1907?

II. Decide whether the statement is true (T) or false (F) by checking the box. Make a true statement:

1. In May of 1900, Jim Butler found some runaway burros in a nearby canyon.

2. He chipped some rock because it looked a lot like gold.

3. Butler was too rich to do more than wonder.

4. He didn’t want to have the rock assayed.

5. The local assayer didn’t charge any money for his service.

6. His friend convinced him to send the sample to the town of Austin.

7. The school superintendent was a full-time assayer.

8. The message came back that Butler had found silver.

9. Butler’s wife didn’t want the mine to be called Mizpah.

10. She came up with the name for the mining town.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
T
F

III. Check the right explanation of the idiom:

1. If you don’t hand out any freebies, you:

□ don’t like playing Frisbees.

don’t shake hands with strangers.

□ don’t do anything unless you are paid.

2. If you let it ride, you:

□ cheat somebody financially.

□ neglect it.

□ give somebody a lift.

3. If you do something on the side, you:

look sideways.

□ step aside.

□ do something in addition to your main work.

IV. Match the equivalents by drawing lines:

золотоискатель-любитель to look like silver

сбежавшие ослики a school superintendent

походить на серебро to hand out no freebies

не делать ничего даром to do smth on the side

пустить на самотек runaway burros

директор школы to let smth ride

подрабатывать на стороне a part-time prospector

подать заявку to reach a peak

бросить работу to file a claim

достичь вершины a biblical reference

библейская ссылка to quit a job

V. Debate Club.

Jim Butler Days include a parade, barbecue, miner competitions, catfish fry, stock-car races. Speak about some historic festival held in your town/city. Is it enjoyable?

Medicine Bow Days

Medicine Bow, Wyoming

He gave Gary Cooper one of the classic lines in movie history. “When you say that, smile,” he said in the film made from Owen Wister’s western novel, “The Virginian.” The book, published in 1902, was set in the town of Medicine Bow, on the plains at the edge of the Wyoming Rockies.

Wister was a Harvard graduate who had studied music and intended to be a composer. But he fell ill while touring Europe in 1882 and, much like a college classmate, Teddy Roosevelt, went west to regain his health. Wister later wrote a biography of Roosevelt, who did his ranching in North Dakota.

Wister eventually bought property near the Teton range in the western part of the state. But he was a frequent visitor to Medicine Bow, a picture-book Old West cowboy town, and used it as the setting for his novel. The Virginian Hotel, however, was not part of that setting. It wasn’t built until 1911 and was named for Wister’s hero. The rail depot, built two years later, now houses a museum of the town’s past. “The Virginian” was later turned into a stage play and several movies, and it was the basis for a popular television series in the 1960s. This festival incorporates parts of the Medicine Bow’s actual past and the fictitious events written by Wister.

Events: Rodeos, foot races, games, street entertainment, Old West-themed shows, picnic, parade, craft show.

Comment

Gary Cooper — Гари Купер (1901 —1961), актер, одна из ярчайших голливудских звезд

Owen Wister — Оуэн Уистер (1860— 1938), писатель, чье творчество посвящено американскому Западу; автор классического романа-вестерна “Вирджинец”, посвященного Т. Рузвельту

the book was set — действие книги разворачивалось

graduate — выпускник

Teddy Roosevelt — Теодор Рузвельт (1858 — 1919), 26-ой американский президент; возглавлял страну с 1901 по 1909 год

regain one’s health — вернуть здоровье

property — собственность, недвижимость

range — горная цепь

frequent — частый

setting — декорация

rail depot — железнодорожная станция

fictitious — вымышленный, взятый из романа

foot races — состязания по ходьбе

Practice

I. Give your answers to the following questions:

1. Who was Gary Cooper?

2. What is the title of Owen Wister’s novel?

3. When was the book published?

4. What university did Wister graduate?

5. Why did he go west?

6. Who was his college classmate?

7. How is Wister connected to President Roosevelt?

8. Why did he frequent Medicine Bow?

9. How popular was Owen Wister’s western novel?

II. Draw lines to match the equivalents:

классические строки to make a film from the novel

история кинематографии to fall ill

создать фильм по роману to regain one’s health

выпускник Гарвардского

университета movie history

заболеть to buy property

поправить здоровье classic lines

купить недвижимость a frequent visitor

частый гость fictitious events

вымышленные события a Harvard graduate

III. Make the right choice of word:

1. He gave Gary Cooper one of the classic/classical lines in movie history.

2. The film was made out of/from Wister’s novel.

3. The book was set in/of the town of Medicine Bow.

4. The town is situated in/on the plains at/on the edge of the Rockies.

5. He fell in love/ill while touring Europe.

6. Unlike/Like his college classmate, he went west/ east to regain his health.

7. He was a rare/frequent visitor to the town.

8. He used it as the setting for his short story/novel.

9. The rail depot now houses/places a museum.

10. “The Virginian” was later turned/rotated into a stage play.

IV. Scan the lines for the word opposite in meaning:

fictitious precious, fabulous, actual

west north, east, south

plain valley, desert, mountain

fall ill feel sick, recover, suffer

frequent rare, eternal, constant

V. Debate Club.

George W. Bush Jr. is the forty-third American President. Which president in your opinion is the most vivid personality in the history of the USA/Russia? Give some facts and figures.

VI. Do a		word search (10):
book		past
film		picture
hero		popular
name		publish
museum		state
	о			u	l	a	o
u	m		i	h	e	r	o
	u		с		a		t
l			t	f		t
i	e		u	i	a	a	o
	u		r	l	m	t	о
h	m		e	m	e	e	к

James Whitcomb Riley Festival

Greenfield, Indiana

In the early years of the twentieth century, Indiana occupied a special place in American culture. It was the repository of small-town wisdom and virtue. Rural Hoosiers were all folksy philosophers, and the gentle joys of country life, which even then were passing from the American scene, were still preserved here.

Much of that reputation can be traced to the work of James Whitcomb Riley. Writing first in Chicago newspapers and then in his own books of poetry, Riley touched a deep strain of sentiment. At a time when a historic demographic shift from farms to cities was under way, his poems recalled precious scenes of a small-town childhood. His readers could also recall golden autumn mornings “when the frost is on the pun’kin and the fodder’s in the shock.” They knew little girls like “Little Orphan Annie” who made them shiver with the warning: “The goblins will get ye, if ye don’t watch out.” And they remembered the joys of “The Ole’ Swimmin’ Hole.” Or, at least, they wished they remembered.

Most of Riley’s works stemmed from his boyhood days in Greenfield. He spent the first twenty years of his life here, but also toured the state playing the banjo with a troupe of actors, acquiring an understanding of Hoosier dialect and life. His poems began appearing in the 1870s, and within a decade he was a national figure, appearing on sold-out reading tours. Though frequently writing in the voice of a child, he was a lifelong bachelor and had no children of his own.

After his death in 1916, the home in which he grew up was acquired by a local group and turned into a memorial to the Hoosier poet.

Events: A downtown parade, crafts shows, home arts and photography competitions, flea market, food booths.

Comment

repository — хранилище

virtue — добродетель

rural — сельский, деревенский

Hoosier — “верзила” (прозвище жителя штата Индиана)

James Whitcomb Riley — Джеймс Витком Райли (1849 — 1916),

поэт-лауреат

touch a deep strain of sentiment — затрагивать глубокие чувства

be under way — происходить

recall — воскрешать в памяти, напоминать

precious — драгоценный, любимый

pun’kin = pumpkin — тыква

fodder — корм для скота

shock — копна, скирда (с.-х.)

orphan — сирота

shiver — дрожать, трепетать (от холода, страха)

warning — предупреждение, предостережение

goblin — домовой

watch out — остерегаться

stem from — быть обязанным своим появлением

banjo — банджо (музыкальный инструмент)

acquire — приобретать, овладевать

sold-out reading tours — выступления чтеца, на которые проданы все билеты

bachelor — холостяк

flea market — блошиный рынок

Practice

I. Answer the following questions:

1. When is James Whitcomb Riley Festival celebrated?

2. Why did Indiana occupy a special place in American culture in the early years of the twentieth century?

3. Where did Riley start to write?

4. What did he touch in his poetry?

5. What did his poems recall?

6. What did most of Riley’s works stem from?

7. Why did he tour the state?

8. When did his poems begin to appear?

9. Whose voice did he frequently write in?

10. Did he have children of his own?

11. When did he die?

12. Why did J. W. Riley become a national Hoosier poet?

II. Make sentences from the jumbled words:

1. a/place/culture/occupied/in/American/Indiana/ special

2. preserved/the/joys/were/gentle/here/of/life/ country

3. childhood/his/precious/of/scenes/a/poems/ recalled/smalktown

4. Greenfield/most of/in/Riley’s/boyhood/stemmed/ from/works/his/days

5. the/ 1870s/his/began/poems/appear/to/in

6. turned/the/poet/memorial/a/Hoosier/his/house/ into/was/to

III. Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets:

1. Indiana was (хранилище) of small town wisdom and virtue.

2. (Сельские ) Hoosiers were all (народные) philosophers.

3. Much of that (слава) can be (проследить) to the works of James Whitcomb Riley.

4. Riley (затрагивать глубокие чувства) in his poetry.

5. Most of Riley’s works (быть обязанным своим появлением) his (детство) in Greenfield.

6. He (исколесить) the state acquiring (понимание) of Hoosier dialect and life.

7. His poems (воскрешать в памяти) precious scenes of a smalbtown childhood.

IV. Insert prepositions where necessary:

1. Riley recalled the gentle joys ... country life ... his poetry.

2. Most ... his works stemmed ... his boyhood days ... Greenfield.

3. He toured the state playing ... the banjo.

4. ... a decade he became a national figure.

5. Though writing ... the voice ... a child, he had no children ... his own.

6. His house was turned ... a memorial ... the Hoosier poet.

V. Explain the meaning of the following phrases:

repository of small town wisdom and virtue gentle joys of country life folksy philosopher

to recall precious scenes of childhood sold-out reading tours to stem from boyhood days

VI. Debate Club.

Try to recall some Russian poets who have written in the voices of children. What books of poetry have you cherished since your childhood?

Dayton International Air Show

Dayton, Ohio

Their story was pure Americana. The two brothers running their bicycle shop, combing the public library to do research, and dreaming of a machine that could fly. The shop is now at Greenfield Village, near Detroit, Michigan, and the site of the first flight of a motor-driver aircraft is in North Carolina. But Dayton is heir to the spirit of its hometown Wright brothers.

Each man made two flights on that historic December day in 1903 at Kitty Hawk. Orville was at the controls for the first flight, and Wilbur made the longest one, a trip of 852 feet that lasted fifty-nine seconds. The shared credit marked their entire collaboration, one’s ideas advanced by the other so seamlessly that it was impossible to say where any single concept had originated. But with the 1903 tests the brothers knew that they had solved the major problems with powered flight and all that remained was refinement.

Wilbur saw relatively little of the revolution he helped bring about. He died of typhus in 1912. But Orville survived until 1948 as Dayton’s most beloved citizen. It was long enough for him to witness all the uses, in travel and trade and war, to which his invention would be put. Where else but in the Wrights’ hometown would one of the country’s top air shows be held?

The U.S. Air Force Museum, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, has one of the finest collections of historic aircraft. Displays lay out the development of flying machines and celebrate the early heroes of flight. Just north of the base is the Wright Brothers Memorial, erected in honor of the two inventors.

Events: Air races, flying exhibitions, antique aircraft, balloons, gliders.

Comment

Americana — “Американа” (памятники, относящиеся к культуре и быту Америки)

run a bicycle shop — держать велосипедный магазин

comb — “прочесывать”; зд. перечитать все книги

motor-driver aircraft — управляемый самолет

heir — наследник

be at the controls — управлять

shared credit — зд. обоюдное уважение и доверие

collaboration — совместная работа, сотрудничество

advance — усовершенствовать, продвигать, разрабатывать

seamlessly — гладко

originate a concept — выдвинуть идею, выступить с идеей

powered flight — полет с работающим двигателем; активный полет

refinement — совершенствование

bring about — осуществить, произойти

witness — быть свидетелем

balloon — аэростат, воздушный шар

glider — планер

Practice

I. Give the Russian equivalents:

heir to the spirit to be at the controls

to do research to solve the major problem

to die of typhus where else but in the Wrights’ hometown

II. Insert prepositions where necessary:

1. The two brothers were dreaming ... a machine that could fly.

2. Dayton is heir ... the spirit ... its hometown Wright brothers.

3. Each man made two flights ... that historic December day ... 1903.

4. The longest trip ... 852 feet lasted ... fifty-nine seconds.

5. The brothers knew that they had solved the major problems ... powered flight.

6. It was long enough ... him to witness all the uses.

7. Where else but ... the Wrights’ hometown would one ... the country’s top air shows be held?

III. Fill the gaps making the right choice between “little” and “a little”:

1. Wilbur saw ... of the revolution he helped bring about.

2. The two brothers had ... money because they ran a small bicycle shop.

3. At that time they knew ... about flights of a motor-driver aircraft.

IV. In the text, find English equivalents of the following expressions:

держать велосипедный магазин

проводить исследование

обоюдное уважение и доверие

совместная работа

выдвинуть идею

осуществить переворот

V. Complete the sentences, developing the ideas given in the text:

1. The two brothers combed the public library ....

2. North Carolina is the site of ... .

3. Wilbur made the longest trip of ... .

4. It was impossible to say ....

5. They knew they had solved ....

6. Their invention was used in ... .

7. The country’s top air show ....

VI. Answer the questions:

1. What did the two brothers do for a living?

2. Who was the first to fly a motor-driver aircraft?

3. What was the longest distance flown in 1903?

4. How long did the first flight last?

5. What did the 1903 tests prove?

6. Where is the U.S. Air Force Museum located?

7. What is this museum famous for?

VII. Debate Club.

Air shows are very popular in the world, aren’t they? Do you find them exciting? Find the reasons why people like or dislike air shows.

You must have heard of the recent tragedy in Lvov, Ukraine. Do you think it will stop people coming to the show?

Hemingway Days

Key West, Florida

This should more properly be called Hemingway Nights, since those were the hours in which the novelist’s reputation here was made. A serious drinker and reveler, Hemingway’s name is associated with virtually every Key West saloon that was standing during his residence here, from 1931 to 1940.

It is estimated, though, that something like 70 percent of his literary output was composed here, so maybe some of the tales of celebration are a bit exaggerated. It is known that a good part of “A Farewell to Arms” and most of “For Whom the Bell Tolls” were written in Key West.

Hemingway moved here originally to get away from things. Key West was a world’s end sort of place in the 1930s, before the Overseas Highway was built from the mainland. He bought one of the town’s finest old homes, built in 1851 and noted as the first in Key West to have running water and a fireplace.

He added a high wall for privacy, a swimming pool, and the cats whose descendants still, allegedly, roam the grounds. Hemingway moved to Havana in 1940 but held title to this house until his death in 1961. It was acquired by a local family and turned into a museum two years later. The entire community, no stranger to the world of arts, recall its most colorful resident with this celebration.

Events: Story-telling competitions, arm-wrestling contests, “Papa” Hemingway look-alike show, Caribbean-style street festival.

Comment

reveler — гуляка, кутила

saloon — бар, пивная

literary output — литературная продукция

a bit exaggerated — немного преувеличены

“A Farewell to Arms” — “Прощай, оружие” (роман Э. Хэмингуэя)

“For Whom the Bell Tolls” — “По ком звонит колокол” (роман

Э. Хэмингуэя)

get away from things — оставить позади прошлое

Overseas Highway — Морское шоссе (соединяет острова Флорида-Кис с полуостровом Флорида)

mainland — материк

privacy — уединение

descendant — потомок

allegedly — как утверждают

roam — бродить, скитаться

hold title to one’s house — сохранять право собственности на дом acquire — приобретать

no stranger to — не чуждый ч-л/к-л

resident — житель

arm-wrestling — 1. арм рестлинг (спорт.); 2. борьба на руках

look-alike show — конкурс двойников

Practice

I. Answer the following questions:

1. When did Hemingway live in Key West, Florida?

2. What sort of place was Key West in the 1930s?

3. Why did Hemingway move to Key West?

4. What house did Hemingway buy in the town?

5. When did Hemingway die?

6. What Hemingway’s novels do you know?

II. Check YES or NO and justify your answers:

1. The festival devoted to Hemingway is called Hemingway Nights.

2. Hemingway was a serious drinker and reveler.

3. Hemingway’s reputation was made in Key West saloons.

4. 10 percent Of Hemingway’s literary output was composed in Key West.

5. Key West was a world’s end sort of place in the 1930s.

6. Hemingway bought the worst house in Key West.

7. Hemingway moved to Havana in 1940 but held title to this house until his death in 1961.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Yes
No

III. Fill in the blanks with words taken from the text:

1. Hemingway’s name is ... with virtually ... Key West ... that was ... during his ... here.

2. Some of the ... of ... are ... exaggerated.

3. It is ... that a good ... of “A Farewell to Arms” and ... of “For Whom the Bell Tolls” were ... in Key West.

4. Hemingway ... here ... to get away from ....

5. The house he ... was ... as the first in Key West to have ... water and a ... .

6. The house was ... by a local family and ... into a museum two ... later.

7. The entire ... recalls its most ... resident with this ... .

IV. In the text, find the equivalents of:

a) to calculate _

• a story _

• a merry-maker _

• to write _

• to buy _

b) • немного преувеличивать _

• оставить позади прошлое _

■ первый дом, в котором был водопровод _

• сохранять право собственности на дом _

• конкурс двойников _

V. Debate Club.

Have you read any story or novel by E. Hemingway? If you have, which of them did you like best and why?

Список научно-методической литературы

Аракин В.Д. Типология языков и проблема методического прогнозирования. – М.: Высш. шк., 1989. – 158 с.
Федуленкова Т.Н. Методические рекомендации в помощь студентам I курса педагогических институтов по организации самостоятельной работы по практике устной речи: Уроки 13-20 // Алма-Ата: Мин. нар. образ. Каз. ССР, Респ. издат. кабинет по учеб. и метод. лит. – 1991. – Ч. III. – 65 с.
Федуленкова Т.Н. Алгоритм работы с упражнениями, снабженными ключами (приложение к учебнику проф. В.Д. Аракина и др. «Практический курс английского языка» для студентов второго курса, 3-е изд.) // Тюмень: Гос. ком. Россий-ской Федерации по высш. образ., Тюм. гос. ун-т, 1995. – Ч. I. – 40 с.
Федуленкова Т.Н. Актуальные проблемы лингвистики и лингводидактики (сборник научных трудов) / Отв. ред. Т.Н. Федуленкова. Тюмень: Тюмен. гос. ун-т, 1997.
Федуленкова Т.Н. Организация самостоятельной работы студентов по английскому языку: Уроки 1-14 // Тюмень: Мин. общего и проф. образ. РФ, Тюмен. гос. ун-т, 1997. – Ч. I. – 75 с.
Федуленкова Т.Н. Организация самостоятельной работы студентов по английскому языку: Уроки 15-23 // Тюмень: Тюменский гос. ун-т. – Ч. II. – 1998. – 35 с.
Федуленкова Т.Н. Организация самостоятельной работы студентов по английскому языку: Уроки 24-30 // Тюмень: Тюменский гос. ун-т. – Ч. III. – 1999. – 39 с.
Федуленкова Т.Н. Choose the Right: Методические рекомендации и ключи к упражнениям по практике речи для студентов II курса, обучающихся по специальности «Иностранный язык» // Архангельск: Поморский гос. ун-т им. М.В. Ломоносова, 2001. – 63 с.
Федуленкова Т.Н. Ключи к учебнику «Практический курс английского языка» под ред. В.Д. Аракина, 1 курс: Учебное пособие // М.: АЙРИС-пресс, 2007. – 256 с.
Федуленкова Т.Н., Клюжева Н.В. Формирование лингвистических компетенций у студентов средствами глагольной фразеологии (на материале фразеологических единиц с компонентом make) // Современные проблемы науки и образования. – 2015. – № 4; URL: http://www.science-education.ru/127-21001 (дата обращения: 31.07.2015).

Источники текстов на английском языке

1. Шитова Л.Ф. Что и как празднуют американцы. – СПб: Антология, 2003. – 320 с.

2. Easy Reading: Книга для чтения на английском языке для учащихся средней школы и студентов неязыковых вузов / Выборова Г.Е. и др. – М.: АСТ-ПРЕСС, 1998. – 416 с.

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VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ 033000. 62 – КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ

Студенческий научный форум - 2016
VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция