VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

From this perspective, the international exhibition EXPO-2017, which is a symbol of industrialization, demonstration of technical and technological advances, the emergence of new ideas and interesting projects that will contribute to the integration of Kazakhstan into the world economy. For a few years, our country held a series of many events such as the OSCE summit, Islamic Conference, the Asian. Thus showing remarkable organizational and creative skills, high scientific potential. No wonder that now the international community has entrusted Kazakhstan to hold the World Expo 2017 in Astana. The theme of the exhibition: "Energy Future", which is really very important and significant, especially for our country.

Modern Kazakhstan - one of the countries with the richest reserves of fuel and energy resources. However, the oil, gas and coal are exhaustible natural resources. In addition, their use brings great harm to humanity and the environment.

Therefore, the development of alternative energy sources is the most important environmental, economic, social and political priorities of our country in response to the challenges of our time.

One of the important tasks of modern alternative energy is the issue of recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW). There are many options for processing. However, none of them is completely waste-free or low-cost energy. In addition, in many cases, recycling of solid waste generated dioxins (superecotoxicants 21st century carcinogenic nature) that negates all the other benefits of these or other existing technologies.

Qualitatively, the morphological structure of modern MSW is as follows:

-food waste;-makulatura;-products of tissues;-cans;-metallolom;-foil;-glass bottles;-products of plastics;-food-packing;-button-type battery and others.

The main method of disposal MSW currently include:-storage of waste;-waste disposal;-draining waste water reservoirs;-waste incineration.The methods of recycling MSW include the following:-thermal methods;-chemical methods;-biological methods-physico-chemical methods: electrochemical, mechanical, electromagnetic radiation using supercritical extraction.

The analysis of these methods, techniques and technologies does not give confidence that they can be effectively implemented in the coming years under the prevailing conditions at the present time for many reasons, among which are the following highlights:

- the relatively low performance of such waste recycling companies, incomparable with the growing volume of solid carbon industrial and domestic waste and especially with the already accumulated their deposits;

-the need for huge material and financial resources for the construction of dozens of companies that provide the necessary scale processing;

-lack of trained personnel for the development and operation of enterprises with new technologies in many countries;

-the high cost and complexity of flue gas cleaning systems, taking into account the high demands of modern technological safety;

-the difficulty of obtaining economic profit due to the high cost of processing.

The principal conclusion is the result of this analysis is that the proven and effective technology in the west, and from waste incineration can not be in our situation quickly and effectively to solve such a massive and neglected problem. It should look for alternative and the most effective ways of processing the waste that will best take into account the current situation in the real world.

We attempted to deep disposal of municipal solid waste in the manufacturing example for energy and other useful products from waste and unserviceable automobile and tractor tires. Selection of feedstock due to the fact that they are produced annually in large numbers, and their satisfactory deep processing technology does not currently exist.

To resolve this problem was designed automated installation consisting of:-a sealed reactor;-the heating unit;-electronic control unit pulsed heating;-the indicator-number block;-counters obtained products.The look and design of the installation are shown below in Fig. 1.

а)

c)

d)

Fig. 1 - Automated installation of deep disposal of waste tires, a) - outward appearance; b) - the reactor with the lid open; c) - an electronic control unit; d) - a collection of the resulting products.

The experiments established that ultimately obtain useful products in the following quantities:-liquid fuel furnace (27%);-domestic gaseous fuel (32%);-carbon black (39%);-steel cord steel trade (2%).

Characteristics of liquid and gaseous fuels comply with current standards. Analysis of the products was carried out and certified in accredited laboratories and IJE CCL MF RK. Dioxins are not detected in the product.

As an example, the analysis of the liquid heating oil:

Indicator name	Actual value
Density at 15 оС, kg/m3	923
Density at 20 оС, kg/m3	919
Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C, mm2 / sec, no more	4,6102
Sulphur content,% no more	0,7794
Colorimetric characteristics (color scale ASTM)	4,4 (dilution)
Fractional composition:
Start boiling, оС:	65
10 %, оС	145
20 %, оС	180
30 %, оС	229
40 %, оС	266
Otgon,%	45
End of boiling, , оС	280

Thus, the ability to set the principal deep disposal of waste tire material to produce gas and liquid domestic fuel, carbon steel and commodity steel cord.

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