VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

Spassky-Lutovinovo - homestead mother the great Russian writer IS Turgenev, now the State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve in the Mtsensk District, Oryol Region. It is the only Russian memorial museum of the great Russian writer, whose history goes back almost a hundred years. [3]

The house of the writer, burned in 1906, rebuilt in the same place and in the way how Ivan Sergeyevich found him in his last visit to his homeland in the summer of 1881 Carved figured veranda, immersed in the greenery of ivy, small windows and porches mezzanine, a suite of rooms and the interior - the entire look of the house helps to get into the spirit of Turgenev's time.

The situation at home is furnished, are the best examples of Russian masters 18 - the first half of the 19th centuries. Some of these things are rare works of applied art. Light fills the room and the warm glare of mahogany and Karelian birch. Feel at home gives approximately ticking in the corner of the dining room old English clock. At its original location in the small living room greets visitors a huge comfortable sofa "samoson" many guests memorable Spassky. In his office - a desk, which was born the best works of Turgenev. [1]

It is in the Spassky Turgenev felt special creative uplift and inspiration, he admitted: "Only a well-written while living in the Russian village. There and then air-like "full of ideas"! .. Thoughts suggest themselves. " [2]

In addition to the main house it was necessary to have a pond, stables, hozbloka, orchard. All the buildings and the main manor house is surrounded by a historic park. He was defeated at the turn of XVIII-XIX centuries the founder of the Saviour Manor II Lutovinov. Description of an old park is Turgenev's novel "Virgin Soil": "It was great-grandfathers Chernozem garden, what you will not see this side of Moscow. Located down a long slope gently hill, it consisted of four clearly marked offices. Directly in front of the house, two hundred steps, stretched flower garden, with straight sandy paths, groups of acacias and lilacs and round "beds"; to the left, passing the stables, to the threshing floor trailed orchard, densely planted apple, pear, plums, currants and raspberries; right in front of the house rose more solid quadrangle fake crossed the avenue. Right kind of blocking the road zaslonёnnoy double row of silver poplars; because of the weeping birch clumps could see a steep roof of the greenhouse. " [2]

In the center is linden alley, and that is where the concentration of mind, thoughts, thoughts of the writer, judging from some tenderness in his works was affected by them this topic:

"Not in one verse poured poetry: it is everywhere. Take a look at these trees, this sky - everything breathes beauty and life, and where the beauty is, there is life ... "

Linden alley became an indispensable attribute of any Russian manor. Slender, tall, they have become a symbol of high thoughts and intents, narrow paths between them, so the thoughts are drawn up into the sky, followed by linden branches, gazing into the heavens. There is no more noble than the linden tree, and therefore Russian poetry, cherished limes, noble, high and majestic.

Park Spaska Lutovinovo certainly is one of the best examples of Russian manor of landscape art of the XVIII-early XIX centuries. Garden broke up in English style, with a regular park, apple orchards, greenhouses, fruit meadows, a maze of winding paths, snakes. Since its inception, the park preserved about 2000 and the bicentennial of secular lime trees, ash trees, firs, oaks, silver poplars and trees of other species characteristic of central Russia.

In the central part of the park clear crosshairs linden alleys form a Roman numeral XIX. It spreads around a spacious landscaped gardens. In it a group of trees mixed with light lawns around the lilacs and honeysuckle. The maze of tracks leading to the pond and the great Saviour Varnavitskomu ravine.

Every corner of the park is connected with the memory of Turgenev. His favorite bench stands on the banks of the Grand Saviour of the pond; gazebo, limes form a ring, described in the novel "Rudin"; Alley planted themselves a writer in exile, leads to another of the same alcove at the back of the park. Admiration for the beauty of the park sounds in the pages of novels "Faust", "Ghosts" and many other works of the writer.

The writer liked to relax in the shade of fragrant herbs. Crosshairs lime alleys, sunny lawn, overgrown with grass silky, incessant bird chirping and the smooth surface of the pond were to him more expensive than any of the famous parks in Europe.

Nature Spassky-Lutovinova can not leave indifferent. It prevails in the works of Turgenev, forcing the reader to empathize with the heroes of sadness and joy.

Another attraction of the estate of Turgenev is the church of the Transfiguration.

The first church buildings were lost during the years of the Polish-Lithuanian invasion and subsequent unrest. However, in 1808 it was built of stone, a very spacious and beautiful church.

The new stone church was built in conjunction with the estate. Under the church estate was given three and a half acres of land. In place of the old wooden church, on patrimonial crypt in the middle of the old cemetery, it was built family chapel.

Characteristics of the Church of the Transfiguration as an architectural monument deserves special attention. It is made by hand of an experienced master who is familiar with the methods of proportioning, freely decided the composition of the temple in the traditional classical forms of those years. In the unpublished volume of "Body of historical and cultural monuments of the Orel region," the church in Spassky Lutovinovo characterized as "an interesting example of a small temple of the manor early 19th century in the style of mature classicism." [1]

Quite by chance, it is the church in the estate. Russian soul and its belief in the feasibility of all life on this planet are inseparable. There would have Tergeneva ancestors who would take care of to keep this church, there would not be that way, and Turgenev's what it was.

References

1. Chernov N. Spasskoe- Lutovinovskaya Chronicle. 1813 - 1883: Documentary pages of literary and everyday history. - Tula, 1999.

2. Ermak BA Turgenev and home // Turgenev: Materials and Research: Proceedings. - 1938.

3. Portugalov MV Short guide to Turgenev's museum. - 1921.

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