VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

The house-museum of Anton Chekhov is a monument of national importance. In the fall of 1898, Chekhov lived in Yalta. During the year (October 1898 - September 1899), he built a house and an outbuilding, which make up a unified architectural ensemble. Author of the project - architect L.N.Shapovalov. The writer lived in this house from August 1899 to May 1, 1904, together with her mother, Eugenia Yakovlevna and sister Maria Pavlovna. His wife Olga Knipper, the actress MAT, come here on vacation. Happy housewarming considered the White dacha September 9, 1899 Here Chekhov wrote the story "In the Ravine" stories "Lady with the Dog", "Arhirey" "At Christmas", "The Bride", the play "Three Sisters" and "The Cherry Orchard" , edited the first complete works.AP House Citizens of Yalta Chekhov named "White dacha". AI Kuprin wrote in his memoirs: "Yalta Chekhov's summer residence was almost out of town ... It was probably the most original building in Yalta. All white, clean, light, built out of a particular architectural style. "At the White dacha, a lush green garden, planted a writer who lived Maxim Gorky, Ivan Bunin, Alexander Kuprin, there were many prominent figures of Russian culture: writers, artists and composers.In Yalta the house of nine rooms. Chekhov's study and bedroom on the second floor. There's also room for mothers writer Eugenia Yakovlevna, and a living room. The first floor was intended for family and guests. A mezzanine on the third floor, 58 years lived Chekhov's sister - Maria Pavlovna, the founder, director and curator of the permanent museum.In a letter to his sister, dated August 3, 1901, Anton Pavlovich bequeathed her life tenure Yalta cottage, money and income from dramatic works. After the death of the writer, until 1917, M.P.Chehova winter lived in Moscow, working on the archive materials brother, and summers spent in Yalta the house to save his situation and repair. The house was kept on her personal funds coming from royalties for performances of plays by Chekhov, and published by her epistolary heritage of the writer. M.P.Chehova kept intact the whole situation brother rooms, as well as a valuable literary archive. In the spring of 1917 Masha moved from Moscow to Yalta with his mother for permanent residence. Eugene Y. Chekhov died on January 3, 1919 Buried in Yalta.April 21 (4maya) 1919 house was declared a national asset, April 9, 1921 House Museum of Anton Chekhov was included among government agencies, and Maria Pavlovna became his manager.Since 1926 the house-museum of Anton Chekhov - a branch of the State Library of the USSR. Lenin (Moscow). In Yalta he moved permanently younger brother of writer Mikhail Chekhov. He worked as a researcher and consultant for the museum. In 1933 he published his book "Around Chekhov." Together with her sister M.P.Chehovoy working on a museum catalog, made a scientific description of memorial items. M.P.Chehov died in November 1936 and was buried in Yalta.In 1927, Chekhov's house survived a strong earthquake. The building has cracks, fallen plaster, leaned house. In the summer of 1928 the White house was completely restored.During World War II - one of the most difficult periods in the history of the museum. Maria Pavlovna, in his old age, remained in Yalta, to prevent the looting of unique exhibits. The period of the Nazi occupation lasted from 8 November 1941 to 16 April 1944. In the living room of Chekhov's house lived a German officer, Major von Baak. Due to the presence of the White House giving M.P.Chehovoy museum was saved from him is not lost no memorial exhibit.The sister of the writer died on 15 January 1957 at the 94 th year of life, it is buried in the cemetery Yalta.In 1966, at the museum in a specially built by the architect Z.V.Peremilovskogo building was opened literary exposition.In 1974-1980 years of house-museum of Anton Chekhov in Yalta it was closed for restoration.In 1983 he opened a new literary exposition "Life and work of Anton Chekhov."In 1995 he opened a branch of the museum in the country of the writer in Gurzuf.Currently, house-museum of Anton Chekhov is subordinate to the Ministry of Culture of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.The house-museum of Anton Chekhov in Yalta is widely known as the initiator, organizer and long-term framework of the international scientific conference "Chekhov in Yalta read." Tradition Conference was laid in 1954.In 2010, the house-museum of Anton Chekhov on the 150th anniversary of his birthday (January 29), opened three new exhibitions: "Chekhov and the Ukraine", "Chekhov's world" and "Chekhov-the traveler."

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