Батинькина А.А.
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1Владимирский Государственный Университет имени Н.Г и А.Г. Столетовых
The communicational PU includes phraseologisms which are always sentences of wholly predicative type. Proverbs are usually aphoristically concise sayings which have an edifying meaning and rhythmically organized form.The proverb is always a sentence. It has a didactic purpose (to teach, to warn). Proverbs are able to be compound sentences. In the context the proverb can be an independent clause or a part of the compound sentence, for example,
the proof of the pudding is in eating. “You must not forget that there is still the possibility that the girl Cataline Perez was deceived. The proof of the pudding is in the eating” (W.S. Maugham)“They will tell you that the proof of the pudding is in the eating, they are right” (G.B. Shaw)Although there are a lot of long proverbs in English language, such as a
bird in the hand is worth two in the bush or
he should have a long spoon that sups with the devil, a lot of English proverbs are able to be short and laconic ones.According to the issue a lot of proverbs have the missing of words. Long proverbs which consist of more than ten words have a tendency to outdate. Many long proverbs which are in the Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs are outdated, for example the proverb
measure thy cloth ten times, thou canst cut it but once was replaced by the saying
measure thrice and cut once. If sayings have archaisms they become outdate very fast. The proverb
he that hath had one of his family hanged may not say to his neighbor, hang up that fish was replaced by the saying
people who live in a glass houses should not throw stones. These two proverbs have different images. The conception of the adage in the modern folklore is uncertain; it includes different structural semantic types of the figurative words combinations. There is a thing that combines these different words combinations – it is that they are not proverbs, but we cannot deny the propinquity of them.
In English and American linguistic literature there is no a clear differentiation between proverbs and sayings. It explains that English dictionaries include words combinations which are not proverbs.
In the modern development of the phraseological theory using the term “sayings” is pointless. Structural semantic types of the PU have names that’s why the saying is able to be used for one of them which has no name, especially for communicative PU which are not proverbs; no matter if they are connected with proverbs or not. Sayings include such types of words combinations which have been being adages for a hundred years. The extended interpretation of this term is not effective.
Sayings are able to be sentences. There are differences between proverbs and sayings in their functions, because sayings have no directive, edifying function. Proverbs are an expression of people's wisdom; they have a high rate of abstraction’s expression.
We must notice that proverbs with literal meanings of all components - all is well that ends well, appearances are deceptive, better late than never – are unfluctuating locutions that have a phareseomatic disposition.
All proverbs have the steadiness of the lexeme structure and the order’s of lexemes invariability which is connected a syntactic conditionality and using of means of expression.
