VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

Mr Mikhail Bulgakov (1891, Kiev - 1940, Moscow) - Russian writer, playwright, actor and theater director. The author of novels, short stories, humorous anecdotes, plays, screenplays, and opera libretti. Author of works of "Master and Margarita", "A Dog's Heart", "The White Guard", and others.

Mikhail Bulgakov was born on 3 (15) in May 1891 in the family of assistant professor (since 1902 - professor) Kiev Theological Academy Athanasius Ivanovich Bulgakov (1859-1907) and his wife Barbara Mikhailovna (nee - Intercession) (1869-1922) on the street Vozdvizhenskaya 28 in Kiev.

The family had seven children: Mikhail (1891-1940), Faith (1892-1972), Hope (1893-1971), Barbara (1895-1956), Nicholas (1898-1966), Ivan (1900-1969) and Elena (1902-1954).

Cold autumn of 1921 Bulgakov arrives in Moscow to stay here forever. But Moscow must live somewhere. Housing issue from this point on will become a headache writer almost to the end of life, but now he was lucky: Bulgakov was able to lodge at his sister's husband - Andrei Zemsky, the happy owner of the room in a communal apartment. Zemsky himself soon left for Kiev, so the room remains at the disposal of Bulgakov and his then-wife Tatiana Lappa. Thus, Bulgakov for four years settled in the fiftieth apartment house number ten (or, as in the novel "The Master and Margarita", Room 302-bis) on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street.

If Bulgakov lived in this house and would not describe it in several of his works, the house would still be famous.

House number 10 on Bolshaya Sadovaya was built in 1902-1903. by architects Yuditsky and Milkov in a trendy, modern style with the metropolitan court at St. Petersburg a well manner. The house was built on a plot owned by a wealthy industrialist Ilya Davidovich Pigitu owning located behind the Garden Ring tobacco factory "Ducat". Interestingly, on the site originally planned to build another production building, but city officials have flatly banned not build godly production next to the church of St. Ermolai (demolished in the early 1930s, is now on the site Square between the apartment buildings), so it was decided to build an expensive apartment building. The height of the ceilings, apartment layout - everything here was elegant and expensive.

The apartment number 24 in 1910 settled a famous artist Pyotr Konchalovsky (grandfather Andron Konchalovsky and Nikita Mikhalkov) with his family - his wife and children.

In the same year, it was organized by the art society "The Jack of Diamonds", the main participants of which were Pyotr Konchalovsky and Aristarkh Lentulov. A visit to Konchalovsky frequented by many celebrities: Shalyapin, A.V.Nezhdanova, A. Tolstoi, Boris Pasternak, V. Ivanov, S. Marshak, actors I.Moskvin, B.Livanov composer S. Prokofiev sculptor S.Konenkov.

One floor below the apartment №38, was a workshop talented theater artist George Bogdanovich Yakulov about whom even joked that were used Yakulov scenery, and the play will somehow let pass. By Yakulov often came Basil Katchalov, Vsevolod Meyerhold, Alexander Tairov, Andrew White, Alice Konen, Fedor Sologub, Anatoly Lunacharsky.

It was in this building in the apartment of one of Yakulov friendly meetings in October 1921, met Sergei Yesenin and Isadora Duncan.

Exactly six months later - May 10, 1922, from the same house, the house №10 on Bolshaya Sadovaya, from the workshop of Georges Beautiful (aka - George Yakulov) Sergei Yesenin and Isadora Duncan went to Germany. Interestingly, in March 1923 Duncan stripped of US citizenship under the pretext that she had married a Soviet citizen.

The apartment number 36, located at the workshop of George Yakulov, located studio background Boolya and 1933 and are still in the apartment work sculptors dynasty Rukavishnikov.

As old-timers say, the very first and the most recent was in the communal house. After the revolution, there was formed a working commune (hence all the horrors experienced by Bulgakov), with many apartments remained utilities to the most recent times. Now the building has mostly residential premises (offices, studios and the like).

The grand opening took place on May 15, 2004. At the opening of the center was attended by over five hundred people, including well-known figures of culture, bulgakovedov, actors of Moscow theaters, artists, intellectuals and admirers of the writer. The event was widely covered in the media: in "Bulgakov House" television crews arrived "Culture", "TVC" and "RTR. News - Capital "as well as correspondents of the central publications, such as" News "," Vedomosti "," Kommersant "and others.

We should consider the stairs leading to the apartment №50 («bad apartment"). She painted the illustrations from the novel "The Master and Margarita", and everyone passing by could leave a sign or a quote from the beloved works.

But in December 2006, there was an organized act of vandalism (still unclear who organized it, but obviously people in the know, because where there are hidden cameras, no one spoiled). Of course, to keep locked in this way did not, and just repainted. In 2009, the cultural center of the Bulgakov House attempted to restore some drawings on the back stairs.

In the cultural center there is a permanent exhibition on the life and work of Mikhail Bulgakov, and constantly changing exhibitions. Former apartment has an area of just over 100 square meters. m., and 5 rooms. Periodically connect the exhibition space on the stairs and on the summer terrace in the courtyard.

The most widely known unique electronic exposition dedicated to the life and work of Mikhail Bulgakov. It contains more than 500 photographs and documents, as well as excerpts from films and performances of the writer's works.

Electronic exposition is constantly updated. Thus, going to a full electronic archive of all existing instruments and the values associated with the life and work of Mikhail Bulgakov.

Among the most valuable exhibits of the museum include: folder Bulgakov; portrait of Mikhail Bulgakov, designed by his sister; syringe and some other medical instruments from the hospital where he worked Bulgakov; Handbag L.E.Belozerskoy writer's second wife; Vase from a family Svetlaev’s described in the novel "The White Guard".

The cultural center is constantly art exhibitions of photographs and illustrations of Bulgakov's works created by artists based on creativity Bulgakov. Shows change monthly. Alternating exposure of known and emerging artists.

The house is a monument to Bulgakov Bulgakov sculptor N. Bazyuk and layout of the project of the monument to Bulgakov A.I. Rukavishnikov dedicated novel "The Master and Margarita." Login decorated with a bas-relief AI Rukavishnikov on the novel "The Master and Margarita."

Bulgakov House collaborates with government agencies such as Theater Museum Bakhrushin, Polytechnical Museum, Museum of Literature. Preparing cooperation with foreign museums, literary movements, as well as clubs admirers of Bulgakov.

Cultural Center regularly conducts tours of Bulgakov's Moscow, and just moskvovedenie excursions. Especially popular are night tours of Bulgakov's Moscow, and theatrical tours with professional actors. In Bulgakov's house regularly hosts seminars, poetry readings, classical music concerts and art song, performances, various exhibitions. Cultural center is always open for cooperation with young and honored actors, artists, poets, and bulgakovian the Moscow studies experts.

In 2005, Bulgakov's house there was a permanent resident - a huge cat Behemoth, named after the eponymous character of the novel "The Master and Margarita." The idea to have a cultural center of the cat occurred immediately. The current cat was a large selection among the candidates, which thanks to the ads on the Internet, as well as announcements on television was very much. Ivory behemoth has become a popular character not only in the novel, but also in the cultural center.

For many years on Bolshaya Sadovaya formed a tradition to leave the house on the walls or in the notes of the wishes and dreams, so in 2004 at the Cultural Center "Bulgakov House" was a box set "Mail Love", where visitors are immersed notes with the desires. Box quickly becomes full of notes, which are regularly removed and folded for storage. Since 2007, each year in the summer in the courtyard of the house of Bulgakov's Campaign "Day of wish fulfillment," when all the accumulated for the year the note attached to balloons are launched at the same time to the sky.

In 2009, the Cultural Center "Bulgakov House" launched by Bulgakov places of Moscow stylized "tram on rubber tires" (Streetcar 302-bis), now regularly on duty at the exit of the metro station Pushkinskaya and is very popular.

In the house on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street are two institutions linked to Bulgakov: the cultural center museum-theater "Bulgakov House" and May 15, 2007 The State Museum of Mikhail Bulgakov on the 4th floor in the room apartment number 50, better known as "bad apartment".

In the courtyard there are two Bulgakov monuments to the writer. Near the entrance to the house visitors are greeted sculpture Koroviev’s and Behemoth’s.

In May 2009, Bulgakov House took part in the 11th All-Russian Museum Festival Intermuseum 2009 was marked by a unique diploma "For a successful debut".

The activities of the Cultural Center aims to familiarize everyone with the life and work of Mikhail Bulgakov’s. For this we have a permanent exhibition, mainly electronic. The second and very important activity - exhibitions. We have a monthly open for art, photography and sculpture exhibitions.

In addition, the CC regularly hosts literary evenings, concerts, performances, classes.

Here, near the Big Garden Street house №10 located "Patriarch's Ponds." Patriarch's Ponds Bulgakov forever glorified in his works. It is the most mystical place in Moscow, which is closely associated with the work of the writer.

Once this place is a swamp Goat (from which got its name Big and Small Kozikhinskiy lane). According to one version, the swamp was called Goat by goat yard is nearby, from which you send to the king's hair and patriarchal yards. Goat marsh creek flowed Chertory and left tributaries of the river Presnya - tambourine formed Presnensky ponds at the zoo, and Kabankov (Kabaniha). At the beginning of XVII century the place chosen for his residence Patriarch Hermogenes and on-site marsh appeared Patriarchal Sloboda. The structure of the Patriarchal Church of the settlement were Ermolai PriestMartyr that Goat swamp and the church Spyridon, Bishop Tremithus that Goat swamp. In the years 1683-1684 Patriarch Joachim for draining swamps and fish farming to the patriarchal table ordered to dig the three ponds. Such ponds - fish cages - were dug in different parts of the city. At Presnya in Presnensky ponds, planted expensive varieties of fish, with Goat swamp - cheaper for daily use. From these three ponds Patriarchal settlement came the name Trekhprudny Lane, in the old days was called "three ponds". With the decline of the Patriarchal settlement related to the abolition of the patriarchate, ponds have been abandoned and the area again swamped. Only in the first half of the XIX century they were buried, leaving only one ornamental pond and pitched around the square. In the XIX-early XX this park called "Boulevard of the Patriarch's Pond."

Refences:

1)https://plus.google.com/collection/MRNy3;

2)http://mannaz.com.ua/en/bulgakov;

3)https://www.ephotozine.com/photo/patriarch-s-ponds--moscow--14445081;

4)https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Булгаковский_дом.

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