VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

The Church of the Resurrection was built in 1892 on a steep cliff — red cliff. The construction height above sea level is 412 meters. Is a monument of Russian architecture of the late XIX century.

Land development foros began in the early 50-ies of the XIX century, after Yalta and Sevastopol joined the highway, constructed by military builders. In honor of the completion of its construction on the pass is being constructed, the portal — gate, called by name Baidar valley of the same village. The Church was dedicated to the miraculous events that took place on 17 October 1888 at the station of the Kursk-Kharkov railway: there, during the time of the train crash escaped the Emperor Alexander IIl and his family. The train derailed, but the Emperor was not injured. Shaken by the news about this incident, Russia's largest tea merchant Alexander Kuznetsov asked for the grace to build in honor of the rescue of the Emperor, the Church in foros. It is often visited by the Royal family.

The cost of the Church according to the scorecard 1898 amounted to 50 thousand gold rubles. The first and only before the revolution, a priest foros Church was Paul. Paul hails from the province of Vladimir. A frequent guest and friend of Paul's was a famous Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Preserved personal correspondence, there is archival evidence that A. P. Chekhov, participated in the construction of parochial schools in mukhalatka. The Church was consecrated on 4 October 1892. October 17, 1898 in the tenth anniversary of the deliverance of Tsar Alexander II from death, Emperor Nicholas II with his wife Alexandra and little Great princesses visited the temple. In 1927, by decision of the Commission on the confiscation of Church property was expropriated precious Church utensils. Gold plated crosses on the dome and towers of the Church were dropped, the bells have gone to the smelter. All this, as priceless icons of the great masters, disappeared without a trace. In their number included Paul Undolsky, arrested in 1924 and exiled.

In 1934 the Church together with the houses bought by the "foros" sanatorium in Yalta Raise for 18 thousand rubles. During the great Patriotic war, the Church served as a refuge for the detachment of border guards foros frontier under the command of Alexander Stepanovich Terletsky, reflecting the Nazi onslaught. Together with the people under fire were the Church. Its outer walls were scarred by bullets and shell splinters. During the war people came to Church, prayed God to grant our Motherland victory. After the war, in the Church on the wall remained scary for the Nazis inscription: "Partisans beat the Nazis!" During the occupation the Germans were pulled out and taken away by the beautiful wall panels and window sills Carrara marble, and the temple was used as a stable. Then from the hoofs of the horses were injured mosaic floor.

Another shot of the Church was done in 60-ies. Fatal was the visit here N. S. Khrushchev, who accompanied on the trip to the Crimea of the Shah of Iran. In the restaurant, tables were set, and Khrushchev invited the distinguished guest to dinner, but something happened that did not expect Khrushchev. The Shah of Iran, looking at the temple, refused lunch, because for him, it was blasphemy. The event was disrupted. A disappointed Khrushchev ordered the demolition of the restaurant. The order was carried out. By pure coincidence, along with the restaurant is not demolished the temple. until 1969, the Church was used as a warehouse until a fire occurred. In the flames perished the remaining icons on the walls, frescoes, behind plaster. In 1980 it was decided to transfer the Church and land to build there. Residents of the village of foros, outraged by the decision of the authorities, managed to cancel this decision. The Church building was registered as a monument of the XIX century. In 1981, the Kiev administration for the restoration and painting was first carried out a comprehensive survey of the condition of the roof, painting, remnants of the interior decoration. At that time the Church was without Windows, without doors, without roofs. Locals say that during the reign of Gorbachev M. S., the intention was actually to blow up the Church, so it is either distracted, or, on the contrary, did not attract attention.

Since 1987 a team of specialists of the Sevastopol area started to perform the restoration work. After performing the first stage of restoration works the Church was returned to believers. Renewed restoration in the early 90-ies of XX century: the service was carried out simultaneously with restoration works.

In 1990 Church of the resurrection, at the request of the faithful, was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate.

Another impetus to the restoration of the Church was the visit of Gorbachev's wife during the construction of the summer residence of the President of the USSR. The wife of the President immediately offered to rebuild the temple and gave necessary instructions.

There is a legend similar to the truth. When the Cape Sarych, foros near, the cottage built for the first President of the former USSR Mikhail Gorbachev, he arrived in the Crimea to get acquainted with the nearby terrain, and, of course, admiring the Foros Church. Together with the construction of cottages for the President have begun restoration work in the foros Church. By the next visit of Mikhail Gorbachev, the spires and crosses of the domes gleamed gold.

The second Abbot foros Church in 1990, he was father Peter, the priesthood twenty-four. With his coming began the regeneration and active restoration of the temple. The centenary of the Church of the Resurrection Hristova the efforts of the restorers ' team put new copper dome with a gilded cross. Parhitko I. V. Ordered and paid for the beautiful Church bells. The black sea fleet gave the bell in 1862, weighing 200 pounds with lighthouse Sarych, which became the pride of the belfry. It was painted the altar, the dome, the sails of the temple, shone in the Windows of stained glass.

Festive divine service in honor of the centennial of the resurrection Church on 4 October 1992 was headed by Archbishop Lazar of Simferopol and Crimea assisted by the diocese, at the confluence of large numbers of people. In 1997 the Church celebrated its 105 years.

Father's dream of Peter to create a monastery, a real Crimean Athos at Bajdarsky gate. 20 August 1997 the priest was brutally murdered by two locals for the purpose of robbery. In 1999 they were convicted. In the Ukrainian media, however, voiced a version that the murder wore a custom character.

22 April 2004 during a visit to Foros Church, the former President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma gave the order to restore it to the best churches in Ukraine.

From 1 June to 28 July 2004, there was conducted repair and restoration work. In particular, they updated the appearance of the facades, refurbished mosaic floor, completely replaced the stained-glass Windows, heating system and electricity, the works on interior decoration, and gilding of the interiors of the temple, restored and rebuilt, the stone fence around the Church grounds.

August 4, 2004 Church of the Resurrection was opened in the opening ceremony was attended by former Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma. He also took part in the first service in the new Church, which was held by Metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea Lazar.

The former head of state gave foros Church icon of the Mother of God, noting that this is a gift "in honor of the return of the temple's original appearance".

Currently the Church is still functioning and open to the public. At the entrance to the Church hangs a marble plaque that tells the tourists that the money for the restoration of the Church donated Leonid Kuchma.

The Church was built in 1892 in the Byzantine-style cross-domed Church. In IV. The cross became the Christian emblem and the shape of the cross was laid in the Foundation of religious buildings. Churches were built in a rectangular plan shape, in which is inscribed a cross. Over the crossing rises a dome was constructed.

Byzantine architects used the technique when the dome was based not on exterior walls, and located inside the building ring of columns and pillars, over which was placed the drum. Cupola was enlarged by the addition of this bypass ring. The dome cut out Windows along the perimeter of its base and was filled with natural light. Domed head that stands on top of the temple, gave to it, and a tall pyramidal composition, was the basis of the bright expressiveness of the appearance of a building.

The service was held in the center of the building, under the dome, symbolizing the vault of heaven. The altar was located in the Eastern apse, as on the stage, the entrance on the West side.

The main building material was fired brick. The laying was conducted on mortar with the addition of a brick crumb, alternated rows of red brick and yellow stone, the walls lined with white Inkerman stone.

In Byzantine churches the interior was a rich, even luxurious, creating the appropriate religious atmosphere. The greatness of the temple contributed multicolor marble veneer, mosaics on a gold background, painted frescoes, decorative stone motifs. The temple inside painted ornaments and pictures of the 4 Evangelists, the ascension Hristova, of the Intercession of the Mother of God Holy. Gregory, Tatiana, Right. Anne, St. Alexis and Resurrection of Christ. complex ornament in the Byzantine style on the walls, twenty-eight stained glass Windows gave the Church a special grace, transparency and conviviality.

The Cathedral is built with numerous domes in Russian wooden temples in two tiers at the sides and in the center — the domes of various sizes, a total of nine, thanks to foros Church resembles Moscow churches of the end of the XVIII century.

The temple is unique in its location. He not only built on a cliff, but is not like the usual Orthodox churches. The fact that he turned not to the East, and towards the sea. This is a feature peculiar only to the southern temples.

The uniqueness lies in the fact that the decoration of the Church were attracted by the real experts mosaic workshop of the famous Italian Antonio Salviatti out of Vicenza. Mosaic floor mosaic reminiscent of ancient Chersonesos. Columns, panels, sills were made of Carrara marble.

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