VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

Phraseological unit represents a unified semantic whole, but meanings of its components can be various. Therefore, V. Vinogradov divided phraseological units of the Russian literary language into 4 semantic groups: phraseological fusions, phraseological unities, phraseological combinations, phraseological expressions.The first two groups form semantically indivisible fixed phrases. They correspond by meaning to some word. The third and the fourth groups form semantically separated fixed phrases. These set phrases the same value, as their components matters. This classification was developed by V. V. Vinogradov.

Phraseological fusions

Phraseological fusions are semantically indivisible phraseological units, which meanings not correlatively with separate meanings of the components.

Good example is PU(phraseological unit) "сломя голову (like mad)" - flash-like,at the top's of one's speed, headlong — is reckless.

Thus, phraseological fusions are equivalents of words, unified and absolutely indivisible fixed phrases.

Phraseological unities

The phraseological unity "is semantically indivisible and complete PU, which meaning motivated by separate values of components"

It is known that indivisible meaning of phraseological unity forms thanks to confluence of component meanings into unified general- figurative meaning: "зарыть талант в землю, первый блин комом, семь пятниц на неделе (to bury the talent, better luck next time, seven Fridays during a week)".

Phraseological combinations

Words in phraseological combinations are used with free and connected disposal. Phraseological combinations have no homonyms.

PU* "закадычный друг (bosom friend)" is a good example. "Закадычный (bosom)" has the connected disposal, because this word is used only with the word "friend".

PU "шут гороховый(laughing-stock)" is the other good example. The word "шут" can be used not only with the word "гороховый", but also with any other word therefore it has the free disposal.

Phraseological expressions

Phraseological expressions are free phrases. They consist of words with free meanings, therefore they are semantically separated expressions.

Words with the connected disposal aren't used in these expressions, it distinguishes phraseological expressions from phraseological combinations. Components of phraseological expressions have no synonyms which are possible for words with the connected meaning in phraseological combinations (разинуть рот — раскрыть рот (to open wide a mouth - to open a mouth)).

At communication phraseological expressions are reproduced as fixed collocations with constant meaning and structure: "волков бояться – в лес не ходить, кто старое помянет - тому глаз вон (nothing venture, nothing win, who old will remember - to that an eye of wons)."

References:

1.Пособие для студентов-заочников факультетов русского языка и литературы педагогических институтов / Н. М. Шанский – М. : УЧПЕДГИЗ, 1957 г.

2.(Виноградов В. В. Избранные труды. Лексикология и лексикография. - М., 1977. - С. 140-161)

3.Виноградов В.В. Основные понятия русской фразеологии как лингвистической дисциплины// Виноградов В.В. Избр. труды. Лексикология и лексикография. – М., 1974. – С. 123-139.

4.Виноградов В.В. К теории литературных стилей // Виноградов В.В. Избр. труды. О языке художественной прозы. – М., 1980. – С. 240-249.

5.Виноградов В.В. Литературный язык // Виноградов В.В. Избр. труды. История русского литературного языка. – М., 1978. – С. 288-297.

6.Виноградов В.В. Об основных типах фразеологических единиц в русском языке //

7.Виноградов В.В. Основные типы лексических значений слова // Виноградов В.В. Избр. труды. Лексикология и лексикография. – М., 1977. – С. 162-189.

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