VIII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2016

An idiom (a phraseological unit) - stable reproducible structure, framed on the model of subordinate or coordinative phrases that have a whole (or partially whole) signification and combine with a word.

In these latter days the development of phraseology as the linguistic science set a difficult task for scientists: the relationship a phraseological unit with a word. There are different views on this issue in linguistics. Some scientists consider that phraseological unit is the equivalent of the words. However, other scientists believe that phraseological units are collocated with words. For the first time N. N. Amosova brought into challenge theory of equivalence of phraseological unit to the word. She rightly points relativity of equivalence of phraseological unit to word and different degrees of relativity of equivalence depending on the type of phraseological unit. Undoubtedly the N. N. Amosova’s approval is right that due to relative character of equivalence of phraseological unit to word, it should not be included in the general definition of the phraseological unit as one of its strong points [Amosova, 1963, p. 180].

N. N. Amosova considers that the type of a permanent context is the most important option in the classification of phraseological unit. N. N. Amosova offers contextological method of the classification of phraseological units, according to which the phraseological units are divided into two broad classes - phrasemes and idioms. Phrasemes are phraseological units in which one of two essential words defines the context. By using this word we can understand the meaning of the phraseological unit, for example, to drop a hint, small talk. Idioms are characterized by a whole signification that is impossible to understand the meaning of one component of the meaning of another, for example, under one's breath, silver lining. This principle of classification of phraseological units assumes objectivity in considering the studied phenomena, necessity of consideration of characteristics of the studied language, research contextual interaction of wordsin combination, establishment the extent of assigned composition and structure of the phrase.

References:

1. Амосова Н.Н. Основы английской фразеологии, 1963.

2. Кунин А.В. Английская фразеология: Теоретический курс. – М., 1970.

3. Федуленкова Т.Н. Изоморфизм семантических корреляций фразеологической единицы и ее компонента (на материале распространенных современных германских языков) // Международное сотрудничество в образовании: Материалы IV Международ. конф. – СПб., 2004. – Ч. 2. – С. 58-65.

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