VII Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2015

My paper is aimed at exploring the life and creative activities of the great English Romantic painter John Constable.

John Constable is one of the outstanding representatives of british painting, who lived in XVIII-XIX centuries. He was especially famous for English Romantic landscape and portrait.

In my paper I’m going to touch upon the following points:

-The main stages and events of his life

-The main periods of Constable’s creative activities

-The main pictures and where exhibition

John Constable was an English Romantic painter. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for his landscape paintings of Dedham Vale, the area surrounding his home now known as "Constable Country". His most famous paintings include Dedham Vale of 1802 and The Hay Wain of 1821. Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, Constable was never financially successful. He did not become a member of the establishment until he was elected to the Royal Academy at the age of 52. His work was embraced in France, where he sold more works than in his native England and inspired the Barbizon school.

In 1799, Constable persuaded his father to let him pursue a career in art, and Golding granted him a small allowance. To make ends meet, Constable took up portraiture, which he found dull, though he executed many fine portraits.

From 1809, his childhood friendship with Maria Bicknell developed into a deep, mutual love. Their marriage in 1816 when Constable was 40 was opposed by Maria's grandfather, Dr Rhudde, rector of East Bergholt. He considered the Constables his social inferiors and threatened Maria with disinheritance. Maria's father, Charles Bicknell, a solicitor, was reluctant to see Maria throw away her inheritance. Maria pointed out to John that a penniless marriage would detract from any chances he had of making a career in painting. Golding and Ann Constable, while approving the match, held out no prospect of supporting the marriage until Constable was financially secure. After they died in quick succession, Constable inherited a fifth share in the family business.

Constable quietly rebelled against the artistic culture that taught artists to use their imagination to compose their pictures rather than nature itself. Although Constable produced paintings throughout his life for the "finished" picture market of patrons and R.A. exhibitions, constant refreshment in the form of on-the-spot studies was essential to his working method. He was never satisfied with following a formula. Constable painted many full-scale preliminary sketches of his landscapes to test the composition in advance of finished pictures. These large sketches, with their free and vigorous brushwork, were revolutionary at the time, and they continue to interest artists, scholars and the general public. The oil sketches of The Leaping Horse and The Hay Wain, for example, convey a vigour and expressiveness missing from Constable's finished paintings of the same subjects. Possibly more than any other aspect of Constable's work, the oil sketches reveal him in retrospect to have been an avant-garde painter, one who demonstrated that landscape painting could be taken in a totally new direction.

He could never have imagined how influential his honest techniques would turn out to be. Constable's art inspired not only contemporaries like Greicault and Delacroix, but the Barbizon School, and the French impressionists of the late nineteenth century.

My paper is accompanied by a power-point presentation which consist of 27 PC slides, of 34 illustration, of my speech, of 15 questions on the theme suggested.

My work was listened and approved of university class at 23th of December .

My paper is supposed to be used in the course of teaching English as a foreign language. It may be used at classes of practical English for university spectiolary in linguistics, museum study.

Questions.

1. What city was John Constable born?

2. When was he born?

3. What are his most famous works?

4. Do you know, in what age he became a member of the Royal Academy of Arts?

5. What genre did he prefer?

6. What painters did influence on his work?

7. Why did the painter begin to paint portraits?

8. What was the name of the painter's wife?

9. How many works did the painter sold in England?

10. How many children did he have the painter?

11. What was his artistic companion in his the last years?

12. What trend in did he criticized?

13. What technique did the painter use in his work?

14. What is the date of his death?

15. Where was the buried painter?

Bibliography:

Bailey, Anthony (2007), John Constable: A Kingdom of His Own, London: Vintage

Constable, Freda (1975), John Constable, Lavenham: Terence Dalton

Cormack, Malcolm (1986), Constable, Oxford: Phaidon

Fleming-Williams, Ian (1976), Constable: Landscape Watercolours & Drawings, London: Tate

Fleming-Williams, Ian; Parris, Leslie (1984), The Discovery of Constable, London: Hamish Hamilton

Gayford, Martin (2009), Constable in Love: Love, Landscape, Money and the Making of a Great Painter, Fig Tree

Mayor, A. Hyatt (1980), Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures (nos 455–60), Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press

Parkinson, Ronald (1998), John Constable: The Man and His Art, London: V&A

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