VI Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2014

Methods and materials research. The study was conducted on the corpses of 20 fetuses and newborns (5 foetuses and 7 newborns and 8 preparations of the organocomplexes of the head, neck and chest (3 foetuses and 5 newborns)). Morphometric method, macroscopic-microscopic dissection by V.P. Vorobevu, vascular injection technique (using ink-gelatin mixture of red and blue), histological (hematoxylin at Krutsay at Bilshovskomu-Gross) were used. Full development of thymus gland (TG) is completed by the time of birth. The gland is located in the thoracic cavity in the anterior mediastinum. We have identified three major forms of gland: the leaf-like (80%), conical-like (15%) and horseshoe-like (5%). According to the number of shares we have characterized TG as: one-lobed (5%), bi-lobed (85%) and trilobe (10%).The TG is supplied with blood by main (75%) and accessorial (25%) arteries. Go to the main branches we assigned internal thoracic artery and inferior thyroid artery. (they were present in all the studied preparations and had a relatively large diameter). As accessorial blood vessels we counted the branches of the aortic arch (7%), brachiocephalic trunk (15%), and upper thyroid artery (3%). The cervical and thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, phrenic and vagus nerves (its parasympathetic fibers) supply TG. A constant source of sympathetic innervation is the middle cervical and star-shaped ganglia.

Output. The structure of TG is characterized by individual anatomical variability and depended by the shape and number of lobes.