V Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2013

Today many companies, universities, state projects advance development of energy carriers. There are some reasons for it: an ecological situation in large cities and around the world; an exhaust of oil, gas and other types of fuel, increasing price and demands as well. There are already many inventions, innovations projects of concerning energy carriers.

Lithium - ion is possible to consider as the first stage of emergence of accumulators of 1991. The Sony company presented not so impressing characteristics to mass consumer but then they were certainly of high rating: 3,6 V and 3,4Wth (960 mAh) and number of charging cycles about 500-1500. But it isn’t limit yet. Lithium – polymeric appeared. Polyacrylonitrile is the composite material, containing lithium salt. Li-ion-pol accumulators at identical specific density are capable to store of 20-25 % and more energy, similar to lithium – ion ones. Besides, at an insignificant difference of production costs of lithium - the polymeric accumulator surpasses ordinary batteries in their easiness and environmental friendliness.

But it isn’t also limit. Scientists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology declared the new development – a semi-firm flowing cell of SSFC with new liquid electrolyte of Cambridge Crude. This electrolyte is on the basis of the ionic liquid, containing particles of metals – cobalt, manganese, nickel, iron and vanadium. Capacitance of such accumulators 3 times surpasses modern accumulators and maintains to 14000 cycles of charge/discharge and its lifetime is to 20 years of work. Operation of the flowing battery reminds action of a fuel element. The electric current is developed at the expense of interaction of two liquid structures banished by pumps through an active zone – a fuel cell. For maintenance of battery charge it is necessary to simply fill in special tanks with ionic liquid. It is very convenient and effective. New solution for transportation and storage a little differs with "black gold". It is a big advantage. But the most interesting is that Cambridge Crude does not need to be utilized. But there are also some problems. The sizes of the modern flowing accumulator exceed the sizes of a car. Flowing batteries can appear more expensive than the lithium. Fortunately, all problems can be solved.

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