V Международная студенческая научная конференция Студенческий научный форум - 2013

Historically, people secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering, and agriculture. Today, most of the food energy consumed by the world population is supplied by the food industry.

Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Program, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council. They address issues such as sustainability, biological diversity, climate change, nutritional economics, population growth, water supply, and access to food.

The right to food is a human right derived from the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), recognizing the "right to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food", as well as the «fundamental right to be free from hunger» [1].

Most food has always been obtained through agriculture. With increasing concern over both the methods and products of modern industrial agriculture, there has been a growing trend toward sustainable agricultural practices. This approach, partly fueled by consumer demand, encourages biodiversity, local self-reliance and organic farming methods [2].

In popular culture, the mass production of food, specifically meats such as chicken and beef, has come under fire – poor treatment of animals. Along with a current trend towards environmentalism, people in Western culture have had an increasing trend towards the use of herbal supplements, foods for a specific group of people (such as dieters, women, or athletes), functional foods (fortified foods, such as omega-3 eggs), and a more ethnically diverse diet [3].

Mainstream populations in developed countries want low-calorie, low-fat foods, as well as simple, natural, and fresh ingredients.

Internationally, there has been an «Americanization» of diets through the growth and use of fast-food restaurants and convenience foods . In developing countries there is still a need for some basic foods, and governments and the food industry are working to develop products that can reduce international food shortages and nutrient deficiency problems.

Pills, liquids, or powders that contain nutrients and other ingredients are now readily available in stores. Supplements that contain herbs (or some herbal components) are growing in popularity. However, supplement production and use is not always well regulated, so consumers must be careful about what they purchase and consume.[3].

So let’s consider the basic food purchasing power of the population of the republic of Bashkortostan , according to Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation [4].

	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Beef	61,8	67,7	78.2	81,1	78,1	83,9
Pork	55,2	62,5	74,5	76	75	82,9
Milk	544,7	621,9	669,6	606,8	583,5	541,8
Cottage cheese	119,3	131,5	139,8	121,7	129,6	129,9
Cheese	60,5	71,9	74,7	67,8	80,4	76,7
Eggs	3392	4329	4443	4230	4873	5479
Fish	130,4	152,7	175,9	187,8	175,6	192,9
Sugar	407,6	392,9	572,4	627,3	551,9	518,9
Sunflower oil	202,7	257,2	283,1	207,1	267,5	311,6
Butter	82,8	95,8	102,6	88,9	93,5	88
Potato	796,4	794,7	935,2	815,3	973,2	917,2
Cabbage	651,5	810,4	793,8	829,7	1091	791
Onion	630,6	604,9	639,9	751,1	874,4	723,2
Beet	585,1	652,4	786	690,5	975,7	858,9
Carrots	525,7	573,7	668	591,8	726,6	649,4
Apple	221,7	238,1	256,6	260,9	286,4	326,4
Orange	211,6	255,7	290,1	302,6	258,5	272,5
Bread	425,5	499	532,7	483	504,7	553,2
Flour	652,3	810,6	860,2	721,9	810,8	963,6
Peas	548,6	631,7	666,2	522	566,9	647,5
Rice	384,3	450,8	459,8	382,3	363,2	440,9
Groats	593,3	684,7	739,9	683,3	730,4	746,4
Macaroni	317,3	384,6	429,4	360,3	360,1	409,9

Pic. 1 Basic food purchasing power of the population of the republic of Bashkortostan

So we can say that purchasing power of the population on basic food in the Republic of Bashkortostan decreased.

References:

1. Appropedia

http://www.appropedia.org/Portal:Food_and_agriculture

2. Food Stuff Cleveland

http://www.foodstuffcleveland.org/#!food--food-history-/c1xyh

3. faqs.org

http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Ome-Pop/Popular-Culture-Food-and.htm

4. Federal State Statistics Service

http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat/rosstatsite/main/

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